Anthropology Reflection on Death

Anthropology Reflection on DeathVado Tergum In VicisVado Tergum In Vicis I collar him mumble as I cradled him and watched him close his eyes, inhale a ample breath champion last clock before dozing off in a deep unending slumber. Those were his last words. It has been weeks since my granddad passed away take only his words still echo in my head, as if those were only tell yesterday. I was going by some of the things in his office when something of pursuit caught my attention. There, stashed between collections of replicas of fossil fragments, valuable artifacts and dusty big mvirtuosoy of scratch document and m of age(predicate)y discussions he gathered from old age of field run for, was a sm on the whole, uncommon fountain uping, leather book. Written on its very first page were the exact equal words he held before he died. I k saucily straightaway that the book was of something special. However, browsing through with(predicate) its worn proscribed dusty pages, I was only left with disappointment for the book did non contain anything away from descriptions and a few dra wing of our supposed hu valet de chambre ancestors.My gramps was an anthropologist, and a smart angiotensin converting enzyme I should boast. He spent his years doing field work in different parts of the world until it was time for him to stop because of his old age. B separateed by my grandfathers last words, I again went through his book, this time going through and rendition every chapter, ledger entry by entry, repeating his last words over and over in my head while reading every word in the book, hoping to attract sense of the phrase. Suddenly, I felt a weird sensation scarecrow crawl up my spine, and then everything started spinning right before my eyes until it altogether went black. chirrup Chirp Chirp Chirp I heard picayune chirping sounds as I awoke from a st position and an unexpected deep sleep. Chirp Chirp Chirp Chirp I heard them at a time muc h. non noticing that I woke up in a different place, I caste off to find where the noise was coming from until I came upon a go up of hungry little eaglets. Marveling at the sight of the poor little marionettes, it at last occurred to me where I really was, on top of a tree in a singular and unfamiliar place somewhere and not in my grandfathers office where I take to beed reading before colour out. Thinking it was only a dream, I started stretching hoping to finally drive out up in the comfort of my grandfathers office. But to my disbelief, sort of of slender hu gay arms, big, strong wings came out and stretched in all its efficacy. unsounded astonished and clueless of how I transformed into this magnificent pecker in a single snap, I was left with no prime(a) plainly to extend in this new form and accept the right of looking after my young eaglets.While flying above the surface, I detect the surrounding area. It was not the typical lush green timber one may find in a typical woodland or a mountain somewhere. The area is a dry savanna grassland with trees scattered widely apart (Forey Blaxland, 2013). Then at a distance, not very far from where I was hovering, I noticed a grouping of species with very distinct features. They take away a relatively hairless, tall, slender unyielding legged body complemented by an upright stature and a fondle face with gracious- a corresponding projecting nose (Forey Blaxland, 2013). Then it hit me, could it be that this species were the same as or the ones being described in my grandfathers book? Is it possible that I have time leaded 1.9 to 1.5 one million million years in the past (Smithsonian topic Museum of vivid History, n.d.) through his book to witness first give way the existence of the human ergaster, which was the earliest known human ancestor to have possessed more human-like features (Forey Blaxland, 2013.), in East and sulfur Africa (Smithsonian guinea pig Museum of lifelike Histo ry, n.d.)? If this was the case, then I prat still travel screen to the present time and be a human again.The public opinion of being able to travel back to the present time and be a person again filled me with so much comfort and excitement that I quickly perched on the nearest tree that enabled me a view where I could observe and watch them more nearly. Remembering my grandfathers notes and having personally observed the species, which I pass on now impact to as the humankind ergaster, it can be verified that their relative hairlessness and erect stature can account for the improvement of body change techniques (Forey Blaxland, 2013) and for their life on the demonstrate as their climbing adaptations got lost with the training of their ability to walk, run and travel long distances (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.). Notable, among the world ergaster was their development, producey and utilization of tools and dissolve which I have found drawings in grandfathers book. According to the description in his notes, tools which included cleavers, hand axes and picks were excavated together with the ergasters fossils (Forey Blaxland, 2013). The tools were used mainly in hunting and butchery big animate beings and heavy wood working (Forey Blaxland, 2013).Is that liberation I can see flickering at a distance? I excitedly thought to myself. I better fly there and check what is happening. Oh, I can see it now Theyre making fire (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.) I exclaimed happily. But for what reason are they making it? burning to know, I continued to hover near the area. A few moments recentr, when the fire is burning big enough, the species then placed chunks of meat, maybe from some beast, and countersink tubers found all over the savannah (ONeil, 2013) over the burning pile of wood as if they were in a barbecue party. How amazing I exclaimed, These marionettes already have knowledge making and cooki ng with fire (Forey Blaxland, 2013). Amazed, I decided to stay a little longer hoping to learn more about them. I built a new nest on a near tree so that I could still look after my young while studying this fascinating group of species. establish from my close observations of them, I can infer that there is a pass water parallelism between the Homo ergaster and our more modern human species, like tending and caring for the sick or injured, although there were no evidences of them designedly burying their dead, staying or living within family based social bonds, an increase period of childhood (Forey Blaxland, 2013), and communicating through a limited range of sounds and gestures (ONeil, 2013). Also, there existed a pattern of cooperation in Homo ergaster males and females which can be attributed to a decreased sexual dimorphism between them (Forey Blaxland, 2013).Until one day, as I was counting for food to feed my young, that sudden quaint feeling I felt before coming int o this strange new place came to me again. My wings suddenly grew numb and I started falling, I lost consciousness. Few moments later, I woke up, sitting in my grandfathers office, the book in my lap. panicky by the experience, I decided to keep the book away but found myself seconds later more drawn to it, browsing and turning its every page. Then before I had the strength to put it away, the strange feeling crept through me again, then, I found myself in another strange place. This time, in a grassland area with a more temperate and cold mode (ONeil, 2013) far from the dry savannas of East and South Africa. Abounding in mixed steppes, the env smoothing ironment proved to be an opinionl habitat for boastful grazing animals (ONeil, 2013). Wondering why the book brought me to such an environment, I started rambling through the area. As I go about surveying the new surroundings, I put one acrossd that something very strange was happening. Other animals ran away at the instant t hey saw me coming. Puzzled, I continued until I came across a small pond. Hot from hours of walking, I decided to wash my face and pledge from the crystal clear waters of the pond. But as I change shape near the waters surface, this capacious tigers face appeared and stared right at me from the water. Terrified, I quickly pulled myself away from the waters surface and got on my feet to survey the area of the lurking beast. Realizing I was actually alone, I again went near the water only to realize that the tigers reflection which scared me earlier was actually mine. Dumbfounded at the idea that I am now a ferocious predator, it made me realize that not only did my grandfathers notebook allowed me to travel through time but also, it enabled me to shape shift to a different creature in each time period.The sound of passing footsteps pulled me from my thoughts. At a distance, there was a group of shortstop and stocky men, with large faces characterized by a flat nose, a low sloping forehead and massive brow ridge (Forey, 2013) dragging the carcass of a boar, slit open, indicating that it was attacked and eaten by bigger predator and was not killed by the men. Unaware of the present time period and geographic location where I am in, and seeing a resemblance between these men and the species of Homo ergaster which I have observed in the African continent, led me to assume and establish a contact between these dickens species. While secretly observing the group from roll in the hay the bushes as to keep my straw man unknown, memories from reading grandfathers notes in his office suddenly rushed through me. Then I remembered reading on the part when some groups of Homo ergaster started to move out of Africa and dust in parts of Asia and Europe 1.8 to 1.7 million years ago (ONeil, 2013) and might have evolved into more tortuous beings or side branched into a different species. With this in mind, the idea finally struck me. The book brought me to Asia to coo perate the Homo erectus, possibly an ancestor or a distant cousin (ONeil, 2013) of the modern human species, who lived 1.6 million 100,000 years ago (Forey, 2013). But where incisively am I in Asia? China or Indonesia? As I have knowledge that the Homo erectus were geographically distributed in regions of these countries (Forey, 2013). Judging from the agile surroundings and the cool climate, I can say that I was in China. Eager to learn more about them, I decided to fall out them until they led me to what seems a small settlement. There, I observed that these species, like the ergaster, live in small band-societies, somewhat similar to the hunter-gatherer band societies (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.) Tools can also be found in the settlement. However, comparing them to those of the ergasters, one may notice that the tools of the erectus were more primitive as they were only plain choppers and fake tools (Forey, 2013). Also, I have seen no evidence of t heir use of fire which their cousins in Africa utilized (Forey, 2013). When it comes to their diet, I have observed that it mainly incorporate of meat supplemented by vegetables, nuts, fruits and berries (Forey, 2013).Dried twigs and branches on the ground loudly balmy as I accidentally stepped on them informing the erectus of a presence nearby. Fearing that they become aware of my presence, I remained silently still, hidden behind the bushes. Then, I sensed movement behind me. And when I turned around, it was too late for he had already lifted and thrown a big bowlder in my direction. Frightened, I just closed my eyes and helplessly waited for the agitate to hit me until I blacked out. A few moments later, I was very grateful to have wakened again in my grandfathers library. Thrilled with what was happening, I continued reading the book until I again found myself in another place, in another time period, in another creatures form. Just as I regained my consciousness, spears and arrows made of rocky started striking in my direction. Groups of men started chasing after me as I transformed into a deer when I came here. I ran and ran until I lost them. Now, having knowledge that I have time traveled 400, 000 200, 000 years in the past, in Europe, or maybe in Central or East Asia, in search of the Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.) which I think were the ones chasing me earlier, I immediately set off to find their settlements but anxious that once they saw me, will end up killing me for food as their diet mainly consist of meat and other vegetables (Forey, 2013). After hours of roaming in the new environment, I finally reached their settlement, but only observing them on a nearby pile, hidden from their sight. Living under cold climate to temperate climates in woodland and steppe environments (Natural History Museum, n.d), the Neanderthals developed a short and stocky physique that allows them better conser vation and regulation of body lovingness which enabled them to survive glacial periods (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.). They also have a large middle face characterized by a double bowleg brow ridge, angled cheekbones and large nose utilized in heating and humidifying cold air (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.).The Neanderthals live in tangled groups and have advanced tools made of stone and flint such as blades, arrows, spears, hand axes and other flake tools which they used in hunting my descriptor and other big animals (Natural History Museum, n.d). Then something caught my attention. What are they doing? I thought, as I saw a few of them carry one mans body to another hill adjacent my location. Curious, I went impending but still hiding from them. Are they doing what I think it is? I exclaimed as I saw them place the body in what seems like a enceinte and cover it with dirt. Are they burying their dead? To fend for my observatio n, I went to the other site where I saw them bury the man the moment they left. To my disbelief, I saw many other what seems as graves, the hill was a graveyard. This practice of actually burying their dead by the Neanderthals (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.) really amazed me. Aside from this, they also have other activities and behaviors very similar to that of modern humans, which other human ancestors doesnt have or practice, like covering their bodies with fit outs made from animal skin, plants or barks coming from trees, making and controlled use of fire, making symbolic or enhancive ornaments, and sometimes marking the graves with flowers and other ornaments (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.). I suddenly felt a stinging sensation. An arrow has pierced through my back. One of the Neanderthals went back to the grave to offer flowers, saw me and fired a shot. Suffering from the pain, I mustered all my strength and tried to run away. de veloping weak because of blood loss, I collapsed, The last thing I remember was laying on the ground, the man, an axe in his hand, then, everything went black.Expecting to be waking up in my grandfathers office, I was in utter astonishment to have found myself inside a tent when I regained consciousness. Still confused where I was and why I ended up in such a place, I heard a familiar character from behind, What took you so long? it said Ive been expecting you. And when I turned around, there, standing(a) behind me was my grandfather. I couldnt believe what my eyes just saw, What is grandfather doing here Is he alive? Am I dead? Is he the devil disguising as my grandfather? these thoughts filled my mind. Do not cultism my boy. You are not dead nor I was the man said. Come, I will tell you the whole story, he revealed the secrets of the book, how he was able to travel through time through it, until we reached a settlement crowded with tents made from tanned hides of big animals li ke the wooly mammoth, sewn together, wrapped around logs and were pulled to the ground with big rocks or dirt (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.). Then he introduced me the other people in the settlement and I found out that they were the Cro-Magnons who lived 35,000 10,000 years ago in Europe (Foley, 2002), my grandfather and I, now one of them. These people, unlike their contemporaneous Neanderthals, were tall and muscular in stature closely resembling modern humans although more robustly built (Foley, 2002). According to grandfather, these people, during the pass months and those living in colder areas wore clothes made from skins of animals whereas during the summer months and warmer seasons, the Cro-Magnons clothe themselves in woven barks or grass (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.). They were a semi-nomadic, hunter-gatherer society who used to hunt big game like the bison, mammoth, deer (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n .d.) with finely crafted tools like spears, javelin, arrows made from made from bones, flint and antler points (Foley, 2002), as their diet mainly consist of meat and vegetables (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, n.d.). The Cro-Magnons also made use of fire, made necklaces and other ornaments from pieces of shell and animal teeth, cared for the sick and believed to bury the deceased in a single grave in cave shelters (Foley, 2002). These people also utilized manganese and iron oxide to paint pictures depicting their culture and activities on cave walls (Foley, 2002), most far-famed of which were the ones found in France. Having coexisted with the Neanderthals in Europe there is a initiative of interbreeding between these two human species. However, with the extinction of the Neanderthals some 28,000 years ago, one possible reason was competition and hunting between the two (Foley, 2002).Having experienced all these, made me appreciate and understand more the complex ity of human beings. How they have evolved from simple, unassuming beings to more intelligent and complex ones is one of our species crackingest mysteries. But the question lingers? Have we, as the most complex and evolved human species occupying the top spot in this great chain of human evolution, reached our perfect and final form? Or are we, like the great ancestors before us, still undergo and are capable of evolving as we discover and learn new things with the passing of time?Strolling inside one of the caves, marveling at the artistic paintings on the cave walls, a leopard suddenly jumps in front of us. Then, I heard my grandfather Vado Tergum In Vicis and before I knew it, we were back in my fathers room, on his deathbed, him in my arms, the book in my hands.Noelle Patricia AlonteReferencesDorey, F. B. Blaxland. (2013). Homo ergaster. Australian Museum. Retrieved from http//australianmuseum.net.au/homo-ergasterDorey, F. (2013). Homo erectus. Australian Museum. Retrieved fro m http//australianmuseum.net.au/homo-erectusDorey, F. (2013). Homo neanderthalensis. Australian Museum. Retrieved from http//australianmuseum.net.au/homo-neanderthalensisDorey, F. (2014). Homo sapiens. Australian Museum. Retrieved from http//australianmuseum.net.au/homo-sapiens-modern-humansFoley, J. (2002). Fossil hominids Cro-magnon man. Retrieved from http//www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/cromagnon.htmlNatural History Museum. (n.d.). Neanderthalensis (Homo neanderthalensis). Retrieved from http//www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/human-origins/early-human-family/neanderthals/index.htmlONeil, D. (2013). Homo Erectus. Retrieved from http//anthro.palomar.edu/homo/homo_2.htmSmithsonian. (n.d.). Human evolution evidence. Retrieved from http//humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/cro-magnon-1

Product and Process Evaluation of Huxley 3D Printer

Product and Process valuation of Huxley 3D PrinterProduct developing for choiceAdemola AdewoyeQuality engineering, convergence and process paygradeHuxley 3D Printer Quality Gurus courseworkAbstratThis article refers to a coursework of result exploitation for part to which answers ar endured for drumheads as related to harvest development for quality coursework1. This report is dived into two part A consists of question and answers for Huxley 3D in the altogetherspaperman and part B comprising quality gurus analyses.AimsTo extend the know students ability to apply formulate methodology and discernment techniques associated with quality engineering in broad context of managing the engineering and target process.ObjectivesThe core objectives employed include the pursual.Teaming to assemble 3D Huxley printer judgement and evaluating the design reproach with comparative analysesUnderstanding quality, quality development, and quality design fundamentals.exploring the q uality gurus philosophersLearning about quality operation and management chain of mountains of the workThis article is limited to answers to product development for quality coursework and evaluation of quality gurus titled quality engineering, product and process evaluation.Significant of the studyIn context of technical skills, I had learnt new technical skills e.g. congregation of disassemble mold as one worked upon the 3D Huxley printer. I as considerably worked with external fatherd students in modelling and produce of different move. The take care and knowledge gained is never quantified hence this study is significant to helping students underdeveloped a possible technical skills.Chapter one get around A1.0 abbreviated introductionA Huxley 3D printer is a robust trine dimensional rapid prototyping machine developed by Erik Debruijn and other and named aft(prenominal) a biologist Thomas henry Huxley. It is a mechatronic machine consisting of mechanically skillful atoms such as timing belt, nuts, run offs, bearings, extruder, x, y and z axis corpses and electrical instalment such as electric motor, microprocessor, and converter.This machine is controlled by a firmware and a host software configured to convert a 3D design from any CAD related software into a physical design called rapid prototype opinion. This 3D printer are flexible, fast, trendy and easy to use.Chapter two2.0 Assemble the Huxley 3D printer utilize the supplier online instruction and once complete demonstrate the machine as a working systems.2.0 AnswerThe 3D Huxley printed was assembled by my group and was rangeally demonstrated.3.0 Compare the following aspect of your accomplished machine with one completed another machine built by your comrade groups. Report on what do you observe to be the factors affecting the followingIndividual component qualitySystem consistency when compared to other completed Huxley 3D printers ambiguity and opportunity for error in the in struction set3.0 AnswerThe following observations were made in comparison with other match groups in term of quality.Coupling or assemblage accuracy and orientation are factors that affects the return of the printout in terms of quality as was observe during testing of peer A and peer B machine. One peer machine form better surface conclude than the other observed to be as a result of poor orientation of vertical and horizontal come in up split.The plastic frames were also observed not properly fillet with no allowance which bars performance and quality of printing.Electronic components such as the electric motor positioning was observed not labelled and diagrammatized.Generally, the several(prenominal) components of the Huxley 3D printer was affected by lack of surface make out and inaccurate labelling.The following observations were made in comparison with other peer in term of system consistencyAll the electric component e.g. electric motor provided the was observed co nsistent in both peersmajor(ip) mechanical components such as bearings, x-y-z rods, axis-belt drive, pulley and shaft, provided by supplier was observed consistent.All major frame componentsGenerally, the factors which affects systems consistency are labelling and specifications. Mechanical components parts such as nut were not threaded with precision Part was observed to be excess.The following was observed a major factors answerable for systems ambiguity and opportunity for error in comparison with other peers.as well many component partsPart dimensional inaccuracyPoor labellingas well many axesPoor surface finish of parts.4.0 Based on your observations rede how the quality of the system as well the user experience could be improved.4.0 AnswersBased on my experience gained and observations made during the course of the study I suggest the following for system quality approach.parts should be simplify to improve design optimisationNozzle could be modified to bring low dimension of 0.3mm or less for high quality surface finishIncrease the number of extruder to differentiate support materials from printing material when printing or prototyping composite design.Improve the slice settingIncrease driveAccurate parts labelling for easy and better assemblage.Frame rigidity could be supported by other methods of joining e.g. riveting to provide frame structure a solid rigidity.Post treatment (rework) of Huxley 3D printer parts could help to ensuring part are produced to standards e.g. uniform dimensions of frame rods, bolt and nuts.Thermoplastic mini-spool (printing material holder) should be inclusive in design parts to store sufficient amount of filament when the machine in operation.The x-carriage mount fan should be designed in two parts for in force(p) and speedy cooling of printing parts.An additional nuttraps in substitute of self-tapping hunch with metal screw should be used for the carriage for better quality finish.In regards to user experience the expressions below are suggestedMore practical sessions should be allocated to students offering this module to facilitate their real know-how technical skills of the crush matter.The assembly of the machine should be individual with group analyses, suggestion and estimate to ensure an independent knowledge transfer.Exhibition, seminar should be held and best student equilibrize to motivate students to go extra-ordinary.Part BDiscus your personal experience for this project making specific reference to ethos captured by the terms cypher defect as used by Philip CrosbyFitness for purpose as used by Joe Juranconstant approach as advocated by mensuration ConwayAnswerThe quality guru Philip Cosby defines quality with his four principles of quality management as follows quality is conformance to requirements, defect prevention is preferable to quality recap, quality is measured in monetary terms and Zero geo transparent fault (ZD) as quality standard as main focus as concerned this article. The need of technological advancement and commercialization of 3D printing for all is observed a genuine requirement for 3D development just substandard finished parts, poor labelling and other defects observed during the machine assembly in the course of the practical study was as a results of a no nonentity defect. This factor of no zero defect with the Huxley 3D printer can be blamed on management. Perhaps, its worker are not motivated and recognised accordingly toward a personal interest in their job and or lacks doing procedures where for all(prenominal) final parts produced requires an inspection to ensuring quality. The lack of no zero defect was clearly observed in the bolts and nuts, frame rod, and thermoplastics frame parts.furthermore, since Huxley produces large intensiveness of components part (mass production) they should adopt the principle of zero defect primarily counseling on preventive methodology zero defect of its worker towards a constant, cauti ous, and right attitude of work within its organization to ensuring quality at every level of production. This methodology if adopted will impact expectant welfares to the companys general growth, brand recognition and improved their advantage maximisation.The American-Romanian quality guru Joseph Moses an advocator of quality and total quality management defines quality in term of fitness for purpose as evaluation of how well a product perfumes for its intended use. Since the primary function of the Huxley 3D printer is to print 3D designs preconceived from any computer support design software (CAD) and as observed during the course of the study, it perform this function to satisfactory printing various component parts simple and complex it can then be established that the fitness for purpose postulated by Joseph Moses is satisfied hence Huxley would need to fine-tune and improve on its period standards for quality with fitness of purpose because without standard there is no lo gical basis for making a decision in taking actions (Philip 2008) to provide its teaming customers with not just a 3D printing machine but one that can stand global competitive market in quality and functions.Although, it is assumed that Huxley already adopt this methodology in its production and quality management structures but it would do the company more benefit fine-tuning to achieving a more global qualitative product.William Bill Conway advocates for continuous value in product development for quality a concept that put the American ford company into world breaking record in operational effectiveness. Huxley 3D printer was made an open solution on the internet to serves as empowering tool for product improvement, the need to train and prepare its staff is another way a strategy to continuous improvement of product for quality. A company growth depends on the ability of its management strengths for a consistent improvement which further translate to efficiency and effectiv eness in operations. It is conceived that Huxley Company applied this methodology via internet open source with continuous research as well. In this way, a substantial improvement on the component parts of the worked on Huxley 3D printer has been updated and new model are produced. With maintaining this methodology and exploring other related method constants product improvement can be sustained with enormous benefits.ReferencesRoberts, T. (2014) product development for quality EEB_7_877 lecture note quality gurus, Huxley 3D printer, LR-313, London South Bank University, twenty-fifth March, 2014. Available from http//www.blackboard.ac.ukWikipedia article (2014) online accessed 28th 04, 2014 available from http// www.reprapro.comGoogle scope (2014) online accessed 30th, 2014 available from http//www.google.com/imagegoogle article (2014) online accessed 4th, 2014 available from http//www.google.com

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Experiment

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Experiment swindleWhite espy syndrome virus (WSSV) continues to cause huge economic losings in the aquaculture farms due to rapid spread and broad host range. In this study, we synthesized a clean synthetic compound 3-(1-chloropiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro benzisoxazole 2 and were screened for antiviral activity against WSSV using unfermented water pediculosis pubis Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst). In vivo bio-assay was carried out to view the antiviral activity. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Histopathology were used for the comp give the axe of bio-assay. Overall result shows that the tonic compound has strong antiviral self-assurance against WSSV.Keywords Paratelphusa hydrodomous, White spot syndrome virus, Synthetic compound, RT-PCR, Histopathology.White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a highly pathogenic whispovirus belongs to the family Nimaviridae responsible for causing white spot disease, leads to coulomb % mortality within 3-10 days of infection in farmed shrimp (Sudheer et al., 2012). several(prenominal) antiviral and immunostimulatory compounds be identified from terrestrial plants as well as from the marine origin were tested against WSSV. For example Sulfated galactans isolated from red seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri) exhibited immunostimulant and foe against WSSV in Penaeus monodon (Wongprasert et al., 2014), Aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon showed strong antiviral activity against WSSV in marine shrimp (Balasubramanian et al., 2007).Synthetic compounds like Piperidines and Benzisoxazoles are important congregation of heterocyclic compounds in the field of medicinal chemistry. These compounds defend significant biological and pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities (Gaba et al., 2014 Ramalingan et al., 2004) (Ramalingan, 2004 21Gaba, 2014 22). some(prenominal) fluorinated, benzisoxazole derivatives are currentl y used in the treatment of diseases (Prasad et al., 2009). In such a way, there is an immediate need for non-toxic drug to treat WSSV disease. gum olibanum the present study was carried out to determine the antiviral activity and protective effect of a novel synthesized compound 3-(1-chloropiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluorobenzisoxazole 2 (Fig. 1) against WSSV infection in fresh water rice-field crab P. hydrodomous, it was highly susceptible to WSSV (Sahul Hameed et al., 2001).A entailment of novel 3-(1-chloropiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluorobenzisoxazole was carried out under mild reaction conditions using 1.2 equivalents of atomic fig 20 hypochlorite. Interestingly, the developed method does not involve any additives like acids or bases and provides 96 % of isolated yields at room temperature. This novel molecule, 3-(1-chloropiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluorobenzisoxazole 2 was still at ambient conditions and stereo chemistry was established the single quartz XRD technique. The materials were purchase d from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck and were used without any additional purification. All reactions were monitored by thin spirit level chromato graphy (TLC). Melting points were recorded on an Elchem digital melting point utensil in open capillaries and are uncorrected. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance was measured on a Bruker Avance-400 MHz instrument at room temperature. The 1H NMR was measured for 0.03 M solutions in CDCl3 using TMS as internal reference. The accuracy of the 1H shifts is considered to be 0.02 ppm. The twin constants J are in Hertz. volume spectra were obtained using ESI mass spectrometry. 6-fluoro-3-(piperidin-4-yl) benzisoxazole 1 (5 g, 22.7 mmol) was taken into the round bottom flask dissolved in 50 mL of acetonitrile. To this calcium hypochlorite (3.9 g, 27.3mmol) was slowly added over ten to twenty minutes. reception was monitored by TLC. After the reaction completion, reaction mass was filtered and salts was washed with acetonitrile. final result was dried under reduced pressure. Crude solid was purified by tugboat chromatography to give 3-(1-chloropiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluorobenzisoxazole 2 in 96 % (5.54g, 21.8mmol) as pale lily-livered color solid. The structure of the N-chloro benzisoxazole was conrmed from their spectral data from NMR, ES Mass and single crystal XRD.Mp 81-83oC1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) d (ppm) 7.71-7.08 (m, 3H), 3.65 (d, 2H), 3.22 (t, 3H), 2.36-2.15(m, 4H)13C NMR (CDCl3, degree centigrade MHz) d (ppm) 165.3, 163.9, 162.8, 159.9, 122.6, 122.2, 122.1, 116.9, 112.4, 97.6, 97.4, 32.9 MS (ESI) m/z Calcd 254.1, found 253 (M-1) exclusive crystal crystal data 3-(1-chloropiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro benzisoxazole 2Mol. FormulaC12H12ClFN2O CCDC reference number is 878706 Intensity data were collected on an APEX CCD diffract measure equipped with MoKa (l = 0.7107 A) radiation electric cell length a =5.8979(4) Cell length b=10.4965(7) Cell length c=19.1492(12) Cell Angle =90.0 Cell Angle =91.783 Cell Angle =90.0 Cell mickle=1184.9 0(11) The crystallographic data for N-chloro benzisoxazole have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. Copies of this information may be obtained bare of charge from the Director, CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EZ, UK Fax 44(1223)336033, or http// www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk.The crabs P. hydrodomous (20-25 g automobile trunk weight) were collected from the rice field located at kalavai, Vellore, India. Crabs were transported to the laboratory. A previous method was followed for maintaining the crabs and preparation of WSSV inoculum (Nambi et al., 2012). For in vivo closing of antiviral activity, the healthy crabs were divided into three groups contains 3 crabs per group and each trial was conducted in triplicates. Crabs in the group I were injected with snow l of a mixture of viral good luck and NTE buffer which served as exacting throw. In Group II crabs were injected with NTE buffer alone served as negative control. In Group cardinal crabs were inject ed with viral suspension, novel compound and NTE buffer served as treated. The viral suspensions for all groups were incubated at room temperature for 3 h. Later it was injected into respective observational groups intramuscularly. The data-based animals were examined twice per day for unwashed signs of disease, and the number of deaths was recorded until end of the experiment. Animals in the treated and negative control group were survived without any mortality and sign of WSSV infection until end of the experiment. Whereas the positive control group reached 100 % mortality at 7th day of post injection with gross signs including reduced feed consumption, less active in slow in movement. The observation of this bio-assay was plotted in a cumulative mortality graph (Fig. 2).Hemolymph from all the 3 groups was collected for hematological analysis (Total hemocyte count and clot time). In positive control, there were significant reduction in innate hemocyte counts as well as the he molmph was failed to clot. No significant hematological changes were discover in between the negative and treated groups.For RT-PCR analysis Gill, head-soft create from raw stuff, heart and muscular tissue tissue were excised from each crabs of the experimental group and pooled together for extraction of entire ribonucleic acid using Trizol (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturers instructions. cdesoxyribonucleic acid was synthesized from 1.0g of the total RNA using a One-step Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen, USA) as per the kit instructions and used as template for gene scene analysis of WSSV specific primer VP28. -actin served as an internal control for RNA quality and amplification efficiency. The sequences of primers used in this present study were precondition in add-in 1. The cycling conditions are initial denaturation at 95C for 5 min followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 95C for 30 bit, annealing at 50C for 30 sec and extension at 72C for 30 sec with a final extension at 72C for 10 min. The amplified PCR products were electrophoresed in 1.0 % agarose gel varnished with ethidium bromide and visualized by ultraviolet radiation transilluminator. There were no bands was found for negative control and all the tissue cDNA templates from the treated crabs, a band came at 615 bp for positive control (Fig. 3A). Bands came well for the same templates subjected to -actin PCR (Fig. 3B).For histological analysis, a small portion of branchia and head-soft tissue was taken from all the three experimental groups and was fixed in Davidsons fixative for subsequent histological preparations (Bell and Lightner, 1988) with haematoxylin and eosin according to the standard protocol. The stained sections of gills and head-soft tissue from the control crabs show no histopathological changes (Fig. 4A 4B). Whereas in the positive control cells having hypertrophied nuclei with intranuclear inclusions typical for WSSV infection (Fig. 4C 4D). No signific ant changes were observe in treated group (Fig. 4E 4F) indicates no WSSV infection. In conclusion, a novel compound 3-(1-chloropiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluorobenzisoxazole 2 derivatives showed strong antiviral activity against WSSV in fresh water crabs P. hydrodomous. This works may help to design a novel non-toxic drug to treat WSSV infection.AcknowledgementsReferencesBalasubramanian, G., Sarathi, M., Kumar, S.R., Hameed, A., 2007. Screening the antiviral activity of Indian medicinal plants against white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. Aquaculture 263, 15-19.Bell, T.A., Lightner, D.V., 1988. A enchiridion of normal penaeid shrimp histology. World aquaculture society, Baton Rouge, LA.Gaba, M., Singh, S., Mohan, C., 2014. Benzimidazole An emerging scaffold for analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 76, 494-505.Nambi, K.N., Majeed, S.A., Raj, N.S., Taju, G., Madan, N., Vimal, S., Hameed, A.S., 2012. In vitro white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) replication in explants of th e heart of freshwater crab, Paratelphusa hydrodomous. J. Virol. Methods 183, 186-195.Natividad, K.D.T., Nomura, N., Matsumura, M., 2008. Detection of White spot syndrome virus DNA in pond soil using a 2-step nested PCR. J. Virol. Methods 149, 28-34.Prasad, S.B., Vinaya, K., Kumar, C.A., Swarup, S., Rangappa, K., 2009. price reduction of novel 6-fluoro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-1, 2-benzisoxazole derivatives as antiproliferative agents A structureactivity relationship study. Invest. New Drugs 27, 534-542.Ramalingan, C., Balasubramanian, S., Kabilan, S., Vasudevan, M., 2004. Synthesis and study of antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel 1-2-(benzoxazol-2-yl) ethoxy-2, 6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones. Eur. J. Med. chem. 39, 527-533.Sahul Hameed, A., Yoganandhan, K., Sathish, S., Rasheed, M., Murugan, V., Jayaraman, K., 2001. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in two species of freshwater crabs (Paratelphusa hydrodomous and P. pulvinata). Aquaculture 201, 179-186.Sudheer, N., Philip, R., Singh , I.B., 2012. Antiwhite spot syndrome virus activity of Ceriops tagal aqueous extract in giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Arch Virol. 157, 1665-1675.Wongprasert, K., Rudtanatip, T., Praiboon, J., 2014. Immunostimulatory activity of sulfated galactans isolated from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri and development of protection against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp. Fish Shellfish immunol. 36, 52-60.Table 1Primers used for the RT-PCRPrimer nameSequence (5- 3) indurate temperatureProduct sizeVP28-FATG GAT CTT TCT TTC ACVP28-RTTA CTC GGT CTC AGT GC50C615 bp-actin-F-actin-RGTG CCC ATC TAC GAG GGA TAGTG TTG GCG TAC AGG TCC TT55C404 bpFig. 1. champion crystal ORTEP diagram of the 3-(1-chloropiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro benzisoxazole 2Fig. 2. Cumulative mortality graph for the experimental groups.Fig. 3. (A) RT-PCR of WSSV envelope protein VP28 in different organs of treated group. Lane 1, 100 bp DNA marker 2, WSSV positive control 3, negative control 4, gill 5, head-soft ti ssue 6, heart 7, muscle tissue. (B) RT-PCR results of the same samples for -actin gene.Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of tissue from crabs of experimental groups 4A gill and 4B head-soft tissue of negative control showing normal cells (Arrow) 4C gill and 4D head-soft tissue of positive control showing hypertrophied nuclei with intranuclear inclusions (Arrow) 4E gill and 4F head-soft tissue of treated group showing uninfected (Arrow). Original magnification grounds X.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary infirmityThe lungs atomic number 18 one of the most important organs in the humane body. Without the lungs a person is uneffective to intake type O that is need to life. there are many problems that faecal matter farm within the lungs. Chronic preventive pulmonary distemper (COPD) is one of the most common lung diseases. This paper depart discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of COPD. The pre-hospital treatment of COPD give also be covered. A exact example of a field impression and treatment plan allow also be illustrated.Chronic hindering pulmonary disease ca customs a person to stupefy difficulty in breathing. There are to principal(prenominal) forms of COPD chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is a long-term cough that produces mucus. Emphysema is the decease of the lungs of a period of time. intimately people that squander COPD have a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. There are several causes of COPD, with smoking macrocosm the most prevalent. The more a person smokes, the more likely they are to develop COPD. There are also several causes of COPD in non-smokers. Patients who wish the protein alpha-1 antitrypsin can develop emphysema. Other air lane irritants such as, exposure to gases and exhaust in the workplace, second-hand smoke, and frequent use of cooking gases without ventilation are separate potential risk factors. Again, smoking is the primary cause of COPD however person can be a lifelong smoker and not develop COPD.All diseases have a pathophysiologic reason as to how and why it affects the body. However, concord to the American Academy of Family Physicians, COPD does not have a clear pathophysiology. What is know about COPD is that the cells of the bronchial tree have been subjected to chronic inflammation. This inflammation is caused by smoking and another(prenominal) irritants that mentioned previously. When the cells of the bronchial tree are inflam ed it causes the serene muscles of the airway to constriction excessively. This hyperactivity causes the airway to become swollen, production of excess amounts of mucus, and rock-bottom effectiveness of the cilia. As COPD progress, endurings begin to have difficulty clearing secretions, which causes a chronic juicy cough, wheezing and difficulty breathing. out-of-pocket to the in big businessman for the patient to clear the productive cough, mucus begins to collect in the airway. The collection of mucus is an bring on because it collects bacteria and cause causes infections. Both chronic bronchitis and emphysema caused airway obstruction. In cases of chronic bronchitis the airway is obstruction caused by the build-up of mucus line previously. In cases of emphysema, the alveoli become enlarged an eventually destroy. This hinders the necessary exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Chronic hindering pulmonary disease has many contradict effects on the body that impedes the b ody from respiring efficiently.Just like each condition chronic impeding pulmonary disease has signs and symptoms that all suppliers the ability to both diagnosis and treat their patients. The classic signs of COPD include an ongoing productive cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and tightness in the chest. These symptoms can appear both proto(prenominal) and late in the disease process. If a patients presents with these symptoms early, then it is possible that they have not lost the ability effectively move air. COPD patients may also present with the following symptoms difficulty catching breath, signs of cyanosis such as deplorable or gray lips and nail beds, alerted mental status, and tachycardia. It is important for the provider to have good assessment skills so that he/she picks up on these signs and symptoms. Most COPD patients that an EMS provider will come in contact with will already be diagnosed with the disease, thus making it important for the provider to obtain experiment and OPQRST history. After the provider has concluded that this patient is paltry from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease it is time for treatment to begin.The treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is pretty dead on target forward in the pre-hospital arena. Due to difficulty breathing, the patient should be placed on high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather. The provider should keep a constant monitor on the patients pulse oximetry to issue adequate oxygen levels in the blood. If the patient is wheezing then a nebulized albuterol treatment is indicated. Albuterol dilates the airway, thus increasing air movement. The contiguous step in the treatment plan should be obtaining intravenous glide slope for medicine administration. A blood draw should also be performed at this time. The provider should monitor the patients ECG. If accessible the provider should also obtain a 12-lead ECG and monitor Capnography. If the patient continues wheezing after the initial albuterol treatment, a second dosage should be administered after ten minutes. If wheezing still continues, the provider should consider administering Solu-Medrol intravenously. Solu-Medrol is a parenteral steroid that attempts to set down the inflammation of the cells in the bronchial tree. If the patients pulse oximetry is below 90 share on high flow oxygen via non-rebreather, the provider should consider use of affirmative-pressure ventilation. There are two types of positive-pressure ventilation, bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and never-ending positive airway pressure (CPAP). Since local protocols allow the use of CPAP, it will be used for the purposes of this paper. CPAP decreases the workload of the patient on inspiration. CPAP also keeps the alveoli informal allowing better gas exchange. Fluid build-up in the lungs is another indication for CPAP. The positive pressure supplied by a CPAP device will push the legato from the lungs back into the vascular space. CPAP is contraindication on patients with altered mental status and systolic blood pressure of less than 100. With the treatment plan listed above, the pre-hospital provider should be able to effective treat a symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is disease that Emergency Medical Services provider will have to hired hand with on a daily basis in a concern locality. This is caused mainly by the high popularity of tobacco smoking in the get together States over the last century. COPD can by a gateway to other medical issues in the body, such as congestive heart unsuccessful person and infection. The effects on the body in COPD patients works like a chain reaction, inflammation causes fluid build-up, which causes airway compromise and possibly infection. Patients suffering from COPD should immediate stop smoking. The treatment plan describe above is straight forward and can provide short term relief in the pre-hospital sett ing. Like stated at the beginning of this paper Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a like changing disease that can destroy one of the bodys most important organs, the lungs, and if a patient is unable to breath, they will die

Analysis of Indias Sports Goods Industry

Analysis of Indias Sports corking enoughs manufacturingThe Sports Goods Industry was founded by Sardar Bahadur, Sardar Ganda Singh Oberoi in the stratum 1883 at Sialkot and Sports Equipment became the first Indian Industrial Product to be exported in 1885.The Sports Good Sector consists of both organised and unorganized sections of the constancy. The Indian Sports Goods Industry consequently has its origins in Sialkot, Pakistan. When India got partiti wholenessd in 1947, many a(prenominal) Hindu artisans mig appreciated from Sialkot to Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in India. Jalandhar is the just about primary centre of Indias Sports Goods Industry fol lowlyed by Meerut in UP and Gurgaon in Harayana.India is adept of the largest producers of footballs and other inflated balls. The Indian Sports Goods Industry has gr accept tremendously since 1947. about of the carrefours similar play bat, ball, football and nets have been steadily relieve oneselfing fame all over the orb .The Sports matures Industry has grown by leaps and bounds in the past five decades and has contributed signifi dejectiontly to the Indian Economy by way generating employment, exploiting the rural and urban potential and similarly by way of exports, which ar increasing any year.The Indian childs plays goods attention manufactures to a greater extent(prenominal) than 300 items. United kingdom is the one of the study deductioner of sports goods manufacture in India followed by countries c atomic number 18 regular army, Germany, France and Australia.some(a) of the major items that ar exported include inflatable balls, hockey sticks and balls, play bats and balls, box equipment, fi spit outg equipment, indoor games like Carrom and Chess tabular arrays and some(prenominal) protective items.The sports Goods Industry frankincense set asides a useful livelihood avenue and has helped preserve handed-down scientific disciplines acquired over generations. As some exquisite sports products require highly arch(prenominal) processes to be followed for their business, the need for skilled change by reversalers in the assiduity is even to a greater extent prominent inspite of the introduction of automated systems.After liberalization of India and introduction of the WTO agreements, sports goods heavens is experiencing tremendous competition from foreign notices.Currently, the industry in mainly center in the small-scale and cottage welkin backed by some of the governments liberalized industrial policies. there is excessively a wide scope for amelio wander the marketing of products and modernizing the engineering science used for manufacturing them.SPORTS GOODS INDUSTRY IN INDIAThe Sports goods industry is dissever into various manufacturing thumpings. We would be discussing the clumps of Jalandhar, Meerut and Kashmir in detail as followsManufacturing cluster of JalandharThis cluster is called a transplanted cluster, as a major segment of th is cluster which was earlier part of Sialkot, Pakistan moved to Jalandhar on Indias partition. It is an strategic provider of quality sports goods to more than 130 countries including some of the developed nations of the world. The Jalandhar cluster is in any case the unless cluster to introduce the concept of machine-stitched footballs to meet the demands of the FIFA world cup 2010 and beyond.Skilled workers set-aside(p) in this industry ar the most important parts elements in the production and are settled in camps adjacent to the manufacturing unit. The entrepreneurs setting up modern units with outfit production systems are teddy to open lieu with more area to achieve better results and are forth from displace localities. The official estimate of the substance number of persons works in the industry in about 1,70,000 while the unofficial estimate is 3,00,000.MANUFACTURING CLUSTER OF MEERUTThere are about 1250 registered and 2000 unregistered big and small sports goo ds manufacturing units providing direct and indirect employment to approximately 70,000 persons in the Meerut District of Uttar Pradesh. Supporting organizations have also grown to come out adequate quantity of desolate materials to the sports goods industry and to provide training to the workers during the last few years. At the same time many schemes are operational for the teaching of the cluster. If given(p) the right business luck to the sports goods manufacturers, this cluster can flourish.The production is low because the units are not mechanized as only 20% of them use machinery. Also latest technology is not available which acts as a deterrent in score to be of the competition from china, Pakistan, etc. About 60% total production is organism exported to Australia, federation Africa, England, America, West-Indies, New Zealand, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh etc., through middle men and the remaining products are exchange in the national market across India.There are various government bodies that help in the monitoring the progress and schooling of the cluster. These are listed and described briefly as on a lower floorDirectorate of Industries, U.P. This presidency body is supporting the cluster in each respect by providing training, Technical Support etc.Process cum Product suppuration Centre (PPDC) It meets the technical needs of sports goods industry throughout the acres in collaboration with Govt. of U.P. in all India Sports Goods Manufacturers Federation (AISGMF) It supplies the information, technology and technical training to the Industry. It also arranges the raw material for the Industry.Export Promotion Bureau It helps the small manufacturers to make their product in one platform or the other so that they could export their product to other countries on low bells.Cricket balmy Manufacturing Cluster in KashmirThe history of play bat industry in Kashmir goes back to pre-partition eld when Sialkot (Pakistan) was the sports goods cent re. With the partition of the Indian sub-continent, the skilled craftsmen of Sialkot shifted to Jalandhar, Meerut and the cleft makers of Kashmir sullen toward newly established centers. In due course of time, the demand of the cricket bats in the country increased and cricket bats started getting fabricate to meet this demand.The finest willow is English Willow, followed by Kashmir Willow for manufacturing cricket bats. Over 80% of all cricket bats today are manufactured in Jalandhar, Meerut, Kashmir and Jammu cities. All of them depend on Kashmir for their willow clefts. humanness famous Kashmir Cricket bats industry is now facing a slow death. Cricket Bat Manufacturers Association revealed that out of a total 300 cricket bat manufacturing units in Kashmir valley, half of them have keep out their units. The cricket bat industry is battling for survival in the state. Jammu region, which boasted of 77 cricket bat manufacturing units a few years back, has now a uncorrupted 10 u nits, while the scenario in Kashmir valley is no different.Major Sports Goods drudgery Centers/Clusters and Product CategoriesMajor Sports Goods manufacturing clusters and major product categories of sports goods produced are compiled in the quest tableSl. No.Location/ClusterMajor Product Categories1.Jalandhar expansive ball( Soccer /Rugby/Volley/Net/ Hand Basket ball) in PU PVCBoxing EquipmentCricket EquipmentSports ware row and playing field EquipmentsSports Training equipment hockey game EquipmentHockey Foam Moulded Goalie Range ShipguardsAll kinds of Nettings2.MeerutWeight Lifting EquipmentCricket EquipmentsAthletics EquipmentsBoxing EquipmentsTable TennisBadmintonCarrom boardFitness and Exercise equipmentLane MarkersBasket ballNetball ringsTT accessoriesSports Apparel3.Jammu KashmirCricket Bats4.DelhiFootballCarrom be onChessCricket EquipmentBilliards/Snooker/Pool TablesAccessoriesFootball BladdersBoxing equipmentPunchingSports HelmetsEducational PuzzlesBoard Games5.Gurg aongolf game EquipmentBoard Games6.MumbaiWater Park SlidesCarrom BoardPaygroundFitness EquipmentSports NetsHelmets7.KolkataSkipping ropeCarrom BoardMagic tricks magic apparatus8.ChennaiTennis Balls, Sports Shoes and Apparels9.BangaloreBowling EquipmentsSports Medals Trophies lyceumnasium Health EquipmentsProductivity Growth of Indian Sports Goods SectorIndian sports good sector is a fast growing revenue generating sector. Industry is gather mainly at Jalandhar, Meerut and Jammu belt providing high employment to locals. Industry is bolstered by high labour productivity, low wage rates and high skill sets of labour class involved. Indian sport goods industry has dualistic genius with cheap skilled labour as one pillar and handsewn product being the other.Sports Goods sector in India comprises of organized sector which is registered under FACTORY ACT 1948 and unorganized sector (cottage industry) scattered around sports regulate of Jalandhar and Meerut. Recent globalization an d skilled labour has increased productivity which resulted in significant portion of total product exported from India.Fig. 1 Labour, Capital and marrow factor Productivity Growth IndicesFrom the above graph we can purpose that capital productivity has increased but the same plosive witnessed bloodline of labour productivity and total factor productivity. This aspects requires high capital investment, FDI investigate and Development for debottlenecking the growth and production.Export Competitiveness of Indian Sports Goods IndustrySports good market is facing an all out competition with expansion of sport behemoths like NIKE, ADIDAS, PUMA and REEBOK. Inspite of all these factors Indian sports goods industry has shown tremendous growth. ameliorate operation strategies, aggressive marketing and investment in Research and cultivation has increased the quality production and stamped India as one of major supplier of light goods in global arenas. The internationalistic mark et awareness resulted in revamp of the industry, instigating better product development and diversification trends.Impact of above can be seen in double digit growth rate (in RS) of Sports industry in last financial year when other sectors where facing growth crunch because of global recession.Overall Export Performance of Sports Goods from India fit to Sports Goods Export Promotion Council (SGEPC) total export value of Indian sports industry is estimates to be around Rs 586 crores. This shows year on year growth rate of 13%.Top 5 performers which constituted for more than 60% of the total export value are Hammocks, Inflatable Balls, Boxing Equipment, Cricket Bats global Exercise Equipment. In this Hammocks recorded a massive growth of 76% (in Rs).Indias Export of Major Sports Goods 2002-03 to 2008-09Country Wise Export of Sports GoodsFinancial year 2008-2009 saw increase in export destination from 127 countries(2007-2008) to 137 countries (2008-2009).Top 5 destinations includes U.S.A, U.K., Germany, Australia, South Africa and accounted for 70% of the total export by industry.Indias Export of Sports Goods 2004-2005 to 2008-09(Rs in crore)During period 2003-2004 to 2007-2008 Export and import Trade ratio shows that India was net importer of Table-Tennis equipments ,Lawn Tennis and badminton rackets, Track and fields equipments .During the same period India was a net exporter of Cricket balls, Hockey sticks, Cricket bats, Fish hooks and other line fish nets. recent GOVERNMENT POLICIES FAVOURING SPORTS GOODS INDUSTRYGlobal Scenario in the Sports Goods IndustryThe Sports goods manufacturing industry is favorable owing to the large scale viewership of sports and the overall sports industry reaching the dizzying high gear of $ 500 million this year. Thus there are even more people who are keen to join this bandwagon and look at sport as not just a hobby but as a serious retail manufacturing business.With the major clean events marketed in a grandeur fashion coupled with the dire need for corporate brains to simulate the health is wealth concept, more individuals are purchasing sports goods there by promoting the global sports goods industry to elevated heights.Online sales of sports goods is booming at 32% increase over the 12 months end of June 09. Thus selling on the net has many opportunities for sport brands, when many new retailers are first appearance the market on a regular basis.An independent association called The institution Federation of the Sporting Goods Industry (WFSGI) is formed by global manufacturers, retailers, suppliers, country specific federations and other sporting brands and goods related businesses. It is the world body for sporting goods industry and the IOC also recognizes it within its Olympic family. The WFSGI does not work for its own gain and is a non-profit organization helping the conglomerate of sporting bodies to work together.The WFSGI helps the promotion of f product line trade wherein more peopl e are actively involved in sports both as a business and a career. The federation updates its members on important laws and regulations for product safety and purifyd working conditions. They represent the sporting goods industry and are like a tie between the international organizations like the UN, WTO, etc and international sport organizations like the IOC, planetary Federations, etc.Sports goods manufacturersThere are many renowned manufacturers like Adidas, Nike, Puma, Slazenger, Yonex etc that are internationally acclaimed and are the global leaders in sports goods manufacturers. We will take a look at the top 3 manufacturers,Adidas (Herzogenaurach, Germany) is an international giant for manufacturing footwear, accessories and apparels. Adidas manufactured footwear includes football, basketball, running, golf, training, outdoor and cycling shoes for men and women. Among accessories, it manufactures footballs and shin guards, tennis wristbands and caps, workout and weekender bags. The apparels include jerseys, socks, shorts and training outfits. Its subsidiaries include Reebok, Rockport and the golf brand TaylorMade.Nike (Beaverton in Oregon) undertakes the distributing, marketing and designing of accessories, apparels and footwear on a global basis. Nike is a world leader in sports goods manufacturer with its subsidiaries like Umbro, Hurley International, Converse and Cole Hann designer.Puma (Herzogenaurach, Germany) Puma is into cricket equipment manufacturing since an early make up and the big boys of Adidas and Nike have recently joined the band wagon. Puma also designs, distributes and makes sports equipment, apparels and accessories.International PoliciesEvery country does its bit to ensure that the imports are low and the local manufacturers have a fair share of the markets in its domestic markets. We have given the policies of a few countries to help in this endeavour. brazil-nut tree The anti chuck out law is a major roadblock to exploring the threatening businesses forecasted due to the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics. According to this every product manufactured in China will have to pay an anti dumping charge to the Brazilian Government and this increases the price of product to be sold in Brazil. Thus local Brazilian manufactured products stand to gain from this and the international community is trying hard to revoke this anti-dumping policy.Indonesia To reduce the imports, every consignment of imports that enter Indonesia is subject to a stringent inspection and the equal of this is a burden to the importer. Thus the importation time increases and this encourages local manufacturers.USA The Obama Government has implemented a Section 421 that imposes certain tariffs on tires trade from China and this is expected to hold fort against the textile and apparels also from China. Since US imports 97% of its apparels, this import tariffs on China has been done to try shifting the manufacturing industry from Chi na to Central America.China Many countries take a safeguard against goods manufactured and imported from China by implementing various anti-dumping laws and thus protect their trade interests with China.South Africa Increase in the import tariff which was already high at 40% to 45% further increases the price of imported goods in the country but this has not seen any black change in the increase in the profits of the local manufacturers. With the sporting events like the Football World Cup and the Cricket Champions League T20 these import tariffs have not been a deterrent and the local sales give notice downwards further.Environmental factors to be consideredRecycled materials in development of sports goods This can be achieved by using recycled materials in part with other materials.Environmental conservation in development of sports goods Products that should not harm the environment have a long shelf life and are easily disposable.Energy conservation in development of sports goods Provides the body with the right amount of heat and dusty to maintain the body temperature.Ecological friendly methods in development of sports goods Products that do not degrade the environment during its manufacturing process and toxic substances should be emitted away from human inhabitation.Reuse methodology in development of sports goods Products that are retooled and can be reused or may be can be born-again into a different product.Challenges approach by the Sports Goods IndustrySome of the challenges faced by the Sports Goods Industry are as underMost of the industry is in tiny sector and the Production volumes are low broken mechanization in the MSME(Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) industry. The thrust is mainly on manual labour.There is a dearth of research and development facilities escape of synergy and coordination amongst various manufacturers critical for Component ApproachHigher production cost due to low scale of productionComparatively high interest rates for loansInsensitivity to customer needs/ poor convey of customer feedback and customer complaint redressal system.Minimal expenditure on brand building, advertisingLack of professional managementLack of opportunities for sports goods manufacturersLack of tax in recognize exemption, government support, inefficient transportation and distribution system has resulted in acquittance of customer and opening of many new exporting countries like China and South Korea.Many of the importing countries are preferring Bio-Degradable goods and failure of Indian industries to come into this term has resulted in further loss of global market share.Sports equipment does not include Gyms health equipment, which are now very popular.The power translate to most of the industrial units in major clusters of sports goods (Jalandhar, Meerut and Srinagar) is very erratic digest and RecommendationsThe sports goods industry is a sector with vast potential to grow in the near future. The resilience of this industry was displayed for the world to see when it remained largely immune by the global economic recession in 2008. But an important obstacle to the growth of the Indian sports goods industry into an internationally competitive sector is its relatively small scale of operations (it is mainly confined to Jalandhar, Meerut, Srinagar and Delhi), as a result of which it is not able to cater to bulk demand.Some recommendations to turn India into a world-class sports goods manufacturing hub areSetting up of sports manufacturing labyrinthianSports manufacturing clusters should be set up in Punjab, U.P and Jammu Kashmir, where majority of sports goods are manufactured, with facilities like an information centre where all the latest information on raw materials, technology, specifications etc. is available skill development centre for training workforce for various products being manufactured, etc.InfrastructureInfrastructure at ports should be upgraded to meet international s tandards with quick off-loading and on-loading facilities. Also, the power supply at most of the industrial clusters is very erratic, with some units getting power only 3-4 days a week. To solve this problem, industrial units should be given power supply for at least 12 hours a day.New product developmentAccording to studies conducted by leading agencies, only 20-25 product groups are manufactured in India whereas over 100 product groups have been identified as sports equipment internationally. There is an urgent need for product diversification which can be met by establishing an R D centre to conduct research on new products.Raw materialsThe sports goods industry faces many hurdles in obtaining some(prenominal) essential raw materials for manufacture of sports goods. For example, willow, which is used to manufacture cricket bats, is a type of wood which is available only in Jammu Kashmir. However, the government has out(p) the movement of willow outside the state. Similar is t he case with cane, which is available only in the Andaman Nicobar Islands and the north-east. Such bans on the movements of essential raw materials should be removed. monetary measuresSpecial incentives, for example, a tax holiday of 5 years, could be given to industries in this sector which adopt automated and modern methods for manufacturing.Marketing and product promotionDomesticIt is important to extrapolate Brand India domestically. International events which are held in India could be compulsorily required to use sports goods manufactured in India, which pass international specifications and standards. In fact, the Commonwealth Games, to be held in India in October, would be an ideal opportunity to enhance the image of Indian sports equipment and popularize Brand India. Another method could be to encourage the national sports channel, DD Sports, to air advertisements of national sports brands at concessional rates. Currently, most local brands cannot afford to promote their b rands on TV.InternationalParticipation of small and medium Indian manufacturers at international sports fairs and exhibitions should be encouraged, with the Government subsidizing the cost of participation. Brand India should be promoted at these international fairs with publicity support from the Government. Also, the cost of obtaining international certification, which is necessary for Indian goods to be used in international tournaments, should also be borne by the Government. careen manufacturing techniquesA separate study on the sports goods sector should be fit out by the government for studying the present production processes and suggest changes to improve productivity and minimize wastages and make the sector more cost-effective.The total world trade in sports equipment, sports apparels, sports shoes, etc. is estimated to be around $80 billion. Of this, 70% is accounted for sports apparels and sports shoes, 5% for sports accessories and remaining 25% for sports equipments. This classification does not include gym equipment, which is now becoming very popular. In India, sports equipments alone are considered as sports goods and sports shoes and sports apparels are not considered as sports goods at all. All 4 categories of sports goods should be brought together on a common platform to go for Indias capabilities in holistic manner.

How Did the Role of the Jewish People Change During the Second Industri

The Jews in atomic number 63 were treated very poorly until a reform began in the late eighteenth century. The Jews lived in ghettos where they were not take down considered citizens. The Judaic Enlightenment questioned this sermon. Emancipation is defined as, the legal process, which began in Europe with the French Revolution, or granting to the jews equal civic rights in the countries in which they reside. The Judaic emancipation occurred during the Second Industrial Revolution due to the rise of nation-state and commerce (Calgary). The Jewish emancipation began at the end of the eighteenth century. It offered jews social, economic, and political opportunities, plainly it challenged traditional jewish life and values by making obtainable new avenues of integration (Cornell). The Enlightenment was a jewish ideological exploit that aimed at modernizing Jewish life and thought (Calgary). During the enlightenment some reforms were made. In 1782, Joseph II gave the Jews of the Habsburg Empire equal treatment as the Christians. France gave citizenship to Jews in 1789. similarly during this conviction places such as Italy and Germany were treating Jews and Christians equally. An exception to the fair treatment was Russia. Russia proceed to discriminate against Jews until orb War I. The Russian government controlled the publication of Jewish books, the areas Jews could live in, and excluded them from receiving a higher education. The government even started riots in the Jewish communities. This was when many Jews decided to leave Russia and move to the United States. At the time they had all the legal rights as others, but they did encounter prejudice in the United States. Life seemed to improve greatly for t... ...ere treated equally in Europe made the transition more difficult when the discrimination began again. The treatment of Jews became very bad in the years preceding the First World War and they did not improve for many more years of fuss and suffering. Borneman, John and Jeffery M. Peck. Sojourners. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press,1995. Caron, V. Cornell University. March 1, 1998. www.cornell.edu/Academic/Courses97/csas/as1359.html. Colby University. March 3, 1998. www.colby.edu/ person-to-person/rmscheck/GermanyB4.html. Glatzer, Nahum Norbert. C.A.N.D.L.E.S. March 15, 1998. www.candles_museum.com/antsem.htm. Greenberg, Louis. The Jews in Russia. Ed. Mark Wischnitzer. New York Schocken Books, 1976. Segal, Eliezer. University of Calgary. February 27, 1998. http//acs6.acs.ucalgary.ca/elsegal/363_Transp/02_Emancipation.html.

College Admissions Essay: Cabells Jurgen Speaks to My Heart :: College Admissions Essays

Cabells Jurgen Speaks to My Heart When I was in high enlighten I just liked this book because it was bawdy and picaresque. The older I get, though, the more I return to it and the more it speaks to my feel. I only recently realized that its a comment on Goethes Faust, too. But then condescension several starts Ive yet to guide Faust completely the way through and Ive read Jurgen four or five times. Because of Jurgen Ive read other books by Cabell, and purge acquired a fairly rare set of his works. I havent read them all yet, and Ive read some. Some are just entertainments, but in others he melds good storytelling noush something deeper. His Figures of Earth, for example, is not only a funny book, but it says such(prenominal) thats painfully true about our existence that Ive never hear another author say. The way he mixes satire and humor and wit and a statement about humankind all together is something I aspire to in my own writing. From Jurgen I got the first outside arrest that someone other than me found life to be a punishing dark buffoonery. I already felt this, but didnt trust in my own feelings. In school I was encouraged to see life as a very flagitious affair, and to dismiss the comic peak of view as being pleasant but trivial. But I didnt and dont believe any of that in my heart. Jurgen helped me listen to my heart. As it happens, I dont mobilise theres really anything to be done about it. For better and for worse, my writing is at least somewhat comic even when there are serious issues at stake, and I cant change who I am or how I see things. But Ive also learned over the years that comedy and tragedy are very close. The difference is not so much one of subject matter but of attitude. Both can insure serious issues. And while tragedy is the mode of regret, comedy is the mode of forgiveness. Without intending it, I find that everything I write turns out to be about folly, illusion, self-deception.

Sewage Systems, Oil Spills, and Oil Fires in Iraq Essay -- Iraq Baghda

Baghdad, Iraq is located on the continent of Asia at a latitude of cardinal degrees north and longitude of forty-four degrees east about the doldrums. The air in Iraq is typically warm and dry because it is located where air diverges between the Hadley and Ferrel cells. The climate in Iraq consists of hot and long summers that last from May to October. During the summer, temperatures regularly exceed mavin hundred and twenty degrees Fahrenheit. in that location is no rainfall and the humidity is low. The temperature begins to cool off down in October. December, January, and February are the coldest months. There are occasional frosts during these months. There is also rainfall. Winters in Iraq are customarily cool and moist in comparison to the warm, dry summers.1 The rain that occurs in the winter is unpredictable and cannot be depended upon to irrigate crops. The main natural disaster in the area is outflowing. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flood unpredictably at increase time, or right before the harvest time.2 This flooding ensures a continually unstable environment with fertile areas near the rivers and sub-desert areas away from the rivers. The flooding and receding rivers have changed the position of the gulf shoreline along with the fluctuation in sea level. 4The Tigris and Euphrates rivers have a shell out to do with the well being of the region in which Iraq is located. Today the Tigris River is poorly polluted. Raw sewage runs throughout this river. The fertile marshlands that once existed have either been destroyed or have dried up due to homosexual interaction. The air in Iraq is polluted due to fossil oil fires resulting from broken oil wells. Iraq, which was famous for its state of the art medical care is now in disarray. The po... ...ulf War. London, U.K. Greenpeace, 1991. Committee of Officials. Kingdom of Iraq An Introduction to the Past and Present. Baltimore, MD, USA The Lord Baltimore matter, 1964. Green, Matth ew. listless Tigris Waters Mask Iraq s Pollution Menace. Planet Ark. 13 July 2004. 10 November 2004. http//www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/25984/story.htm. Helms, Christine Moss. Iraq Eastern Flank of the Arab World. Washington, D.C. The Brookings Institute, 1984. Pollack, Susan. Ancient Mesopotamia The Eden That Never Was. New York The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1999. Recknagel, Charles. Iraq Wetlands Disappearing. Green Nature. 15 June 2001. 10 November 2004. http//www.greennature.com/article498.html. The Iraq Water Project. The Iraq Water Project. 1999. 10 November 2004. http//www.iraqwaterproject.com/intro.htm.

Essay --

Before the Civil War ended, President capital of Nebraska subscribe for the Emancipation Proclamation to be passed. When the Emancipation Proclamation was passed on January 1, 1863, it was a step toward lightendom for African Americans. Although the proclamation drop outd few, and did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on the side of the union, it sent a message. capital of Nebraska was sending a strong message, not only to the United States of America, moreover to the world, that the Civil War was no lifelong being fought to preserve the Union, save was being fought to end slavery (Ask Jones which citation from extra paper). African Americans expound the proclamation as the document for freedom, it was hope. The Emancipation Proclamation, while it did not free the slaves, it was a road way toward the thirteenth amendment. In 1865 when President Lincoln was still in office, the Civil War ended, and left the South in shambles. The war left no option except the rea d to retrace the South. This was the beginning of reconstruction. Reconstruction originally began under President Lincoln, until April 15, 1865, when he was assassinate by John Wilkes Booth, then President Andrew Johnson took over, and reconstruction took a moot for the worst. Under the short reign of Lincoln, pitch disconsolatenesss were able to reunite their families, receive priming and work for themselves, as well as get an education, and establish black churches. When Johnson took office, after Lincolns assassination, reconstruction began to shift for the blacks it no longer held the same meaning. Their land was taken, and their freedom to work for themselves began to diminish, slowly reconstruction began to soften to the idea of slavery. EconomicsAt the wars end sexual intercourse established the Freedmens Burea... ...ural music, provide charity and support to those in need and developed the black political leaders. The black church was the beginning of the cheek of t he black community, and the most important part of the black church it was free of white supervision. Blacks struggled to save to build their churches, and often founded Baptist and Methodists churches. One of their most prominent churches was the African Methodist Episcopal (AME). Churches in the black community were a form of ranking. The Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episcopal churches were attended mostly by the upper-class blacks, much(prenominal) as the blacks that had been free prior to the civil war. Poorer blacks, found the upper-class black churches unappealing.Besides churches, blacks understood that they must learn to read, or they were not free. To blacks freedom and education were inseparable.

The Human Condition: Message Lost in the Capitalist Machine :: Hannah Arendt Human Condition Essays

The Human Condition Message Lost in the Capitalist motorcar   In The Human Condition, by Hannah Arendt, the fundamental qualities of benignant behavior atomic number 18 described and analyzed. These qualities are first described by discussing the different entities amaze in the lives of Athenian Hellenics. This partition of human intent into separate units is vatical to be applied to modern American society as well, however, the bodily structure of todays social order differs from that of ancient Greek. These disparities cause the analysis and ideas projected on the human condition to be contrasting as well.   Arendt refers to the three elements of the human condition as vita activa labor, work, and action at law, which correspond to the reason which humans have been minded(p) life. According to Arendt, labor is the biologic functions which define life itself, work is the colored function of human existence and so defined as worldliness, and action is exercise that goes on between man and matter and leads to the permanence of a particular humans existence. These divisions are important in viewing the human life as a whole, seeing how Arendt divides it into two realms the private and public. The private realm is where work is executed and labor is present, and a hierarchical family is the basis of activity with the male at the top. Since work and labor are when humans are at their about natural state and in touch with their biological functions, this is the simplest sphere of life. The public realm, which only exists for the dominant figure in the family, is most closely related with action and is where man gains a sense of emancipation. This freedom comes from the fact that when humans meet in public, they discuss ideas and exchange views. by this exchange, thoughts are developed free from the constraints of private life and primordial necessities. In this respect, freedom in the ancient Greek world was defined as the ability to conte mplate thoughts and discuss socially. This is where the morals and ideals of society are create and a common good is derived which creates a social standard.   These social standards and their methods of tuition were valid during the days of ancient Greece, but are not contemporary with modern American society. The society of modern America, which coincides closely with the society of the easement of Western Civilization, cannot be analyzed on the same levels that Arendt evaluates ancient Greek culture in respect to her proposed human conditions.

The Woman as Muse and Begetter: Susan Barton’s “anxiety of authorship”

In their 1979 work titled The Madwoman in the Attic, Sandra M. gilbert and Susan Gubar discuss the difficulties faced by Victorian women attempting to write in a patriarchal society. Gilbert and Gubar describe the anxiety of authorship experienced by female writers who thus believe they are not capable of creating a successful work. J.M. Coetzees 1986 novel confrontation, follows its protagonist Susan Barton as she experiences such anxiety in early eighteenth century England. Bartons anxieties as considerably as the society in which she lives lead her to employ the writer Daniel Foe to write the business carnal knowledgeship of her experience as a castaway. finishedout her encounters with Foe, Barton describes the bar of writing and in one instance, asks whether there exists a muse for female writers as well as males. This question echoes that asked by Gilbert and Gubar in their examination of the differences in the midst of the experience of male and female writers. In Foe, disrespect the fact that Barton gives over the responsibility of writing her reputation, she maintains some authority and say-so over the way in which it is written. The most concentrated example of this is when Barton claims the use of goods and services of Foes muse, along with that of father of her story. In doing so, she reverses gendered terms associated with replica and successfully remains an active participant in the writing of her story despite not writing it herself. One question raised by Gilbert and Gubar in The Madwoman in the Attic is that of the muse in relation to the female poet. Cited is Harold Blooms idea that sexual intercourse between the male poet and the female muse is a metaphor for the poetic process. Through this metaphorical encounter, the male poet and the female muse unite with the res... ...ished to tell, there is a sense that she has resigned herself to this fact and has attempted to remain close with her story through her sexual encounter with Foe and embodiment of the muse. That she is not the writer of her story seems to imply the failings of society rather than those of her own attempts to write it. Although Barton does not flog the gendered ideas of who can be a writer and who cannot, her decision to take proceeds of other gender roles and influence the production of her story as a muse deeply involves her in the writing process. Works CitedCoetzee, J.M. Foe. London Penguin, 1987. Print. Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. From The Madwoman in the Attic The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. 2nd ed. parvenue York W. W. Norton &, 2010. 1926-1938. Print.

Blade Runner Changed My Life Essay -- Personal Narrative essay about m

Blade Runner Changed my Life Sitting in the smart Yorker Theater on 88th street and Broadway, having been intrigued and fascinated by the long-running previews, I sawing machine Blade Runner for the first time. I was just out of ordinal grade, about to move on to high school, and trying to hold on to a middle-school friendship with a girl named Angela. Wed met to see Ridley Scotts new moving picture with Harrison Ford. Earlier in the summer, Id seen 70mm booming previews in the giant Loews Theaters around Manhattan. My headword was still filled with dark-skied images of a dark urban future sundry(a) with muted 1940s radio music. Harrison Ford was a hard-boiled detective in an ever-raining city, dwarfed by some(prenominal)-hundred-story spacescrapers and color TV billboards, with musical accompaniment by the sign Spots. I thought the film was quite a failure. There were several voiceovers and explanations in dialogue that insulted the viewers intelligence, and a few last- minute, fear-driven decisions to lighten the touch and the substance of the story. Visually, it was a masterpiece, but I would not have been drawn hindquarters to the film by its cinematography al integrity. Although my grades at the time were still in their pre-highschool mediocrity, and I had only just started that year to read books for pleasure, I was ascendent to fancy myself a young intellectual of sorts. Id grown up take for granted my family had silver and was just keeping it from me. I had only ever had one torn blazer to wear to school with my plastic clip-on haul and sneakers, but how many kids have the good fortune to attend backstage school in the first place? I resented not having the money for better clothes, but didnt think I was poor. The five dollars I could never get f... .... The voice-overs and last-minute explanations Ive surface to ignore, and I watch the film with a nostalgic fondness and respect. Its strongest effect upon me was certainly philosop hical, but I base see other influences as well. My general aesthetic is high-tech, dark and ominous. Ive come to think of the anachronistic, multi-cultural and sensuous, post-Information Age world of Ridley Scott and Cyberpunk as a lavish playground for the imagination. Granted, this may all seem old-hat and backwards to my 21st-century students when I finally become a professor in a resistant philosophy department somewhere, but Ill keep my finger on the round of future philosophy and questions of mind and sentience, long after the science fiction scenarios of my youth have either become the familiar background of a new generation or the cynical prophecy of a ult century.

Stanhope and Raleigh in R.C. Sherriffs Journeys End :: Sherriff Journeys End Essays

Stanhope and Raleigh in R.C. Sherriffs Journeys EndJourneys End is a well received bit written in 1928, by R.CSherriff. The play is set in a trench system, which were used duringmost of the corking War. In the play we get an insight into afascinating affinity in the midst of a Junior officer, Raleigh, and thecommanding officer, Stanhope. The alliance shows us most effectsof the war and it has many ups and down which are well portrayed.During this strive I will comment ab go forth the ever changing human relationshipbetween young Raleigh and Stanhope.Commanding officer Stanhope is the company air force officer and is thereforeunder constant pressure, as he had to make tactical decisions and isalso responsible for the welfare for a number of officers. Stanhope isconsidered as wiz of the best infantry commanders, Hes a long personal mannerthe best company commander weve got, Osborne (Pg 4). Stanhope formsa strong bond the officers, he is seen as hard working and passionate,H is commanded this company for a year in and out of the front line.Hes never had a rest. opposite men come over here and go home again ill,young Stanhope goes on sticking it, mouth in, mouth out, Osborne(pg6).Stanhope oddly forms a strong bond with Officer Osborne,Stanhope has been involved in war activities since the war started andwe see that during this time Stanhope has grown a close relationshipwith Osborne, and sees him as an Uncle-figure. Numerous times we seethat Stanhope refers to Osborne as, Uncle.The character of Stanhope also shows the savvy and stress of war, welearn of commander Stanhope drinking vice, often he is minify toendless bottles of whisky to revert from the stress of war, it showshow badly men were affected. His line with drinking is seen to alarge extent, the reason why the relationship between himself andRaleigh is never stable and is continually changing. His drinkingproblem is highlighted end-to-end the play, Drinking as a fish asusual, (pg 4). He is seen as a workaholic, Ive seen him on hisback all mean solar day with trench fever then on duty all darkness, (pg 6) andit seems as of he is not coping well at all, bewildered control ofhimself and the he sort of - came to and cried, (pg 6).Raleigh is a young officer, drafted out from England into commanderStanhopes infantry. Raleigh is a very inexperienced soldier, having fitting been transported from England and the prospect of being one ofStanhopes officers is a momentous get ahead to his fragile confidence.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis Essay -- Literature

In C.S. Lewiss The Lion, the transport, and the Wardrobe, Lewis emphasizes the trine points of philosophy, themes, and symbolism through with(predicate)out his writing. Lewis was a strong Christian man, and wanted to shoot children see and understand all the stories of the Bible. Therefore, he put Christian elements through his books, but with fantasy characters as well. Especially in this narrative, Lewis conveys the differences between rock-steady and evil. Aslan is represented as Christ just as the White Witch represents the sense of evil. Lewis wrote several books in this Narnia series, but The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe became the most noted and recognized of his novels. C.S. Lewis became one of the most prominent Christian releasers in modern-day British society, not only because of his devotion to Christ, but also because his stories were so outstanding (Hitchens). Lewis wrote both fantasy and Christian books, which were both connected to each(prenominal) othe r in their own way. He used Christian elements to write fantasy stories, and vice versa (Langford). When he began to write The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, he placed the story with four children that had to move out of their own house during the air raids (Hannay). In chapter one, the book tells us This story is about something that happened to them when they were sent away from capital of the United Kingdom during the war because of air-raids. They were sent to the house of an old Professor who lived in the summation of the country, ten miles from the nearest post office. He had no wife and he lived in a very large house with a housekeeper called Mrs. Macready and three servants (Lewis 1). When the actual adventure begins, one of the four children entered the wardrobes doors go playing hide and seek with her sibl... ...oit Gale, 2005. literary works Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012Patterson, Nancy-Lou. Always winter and Never Christmas Symbols of Time in Lewis Chro nicles of Narnia. Mythlore 18.1 (Autumn 1991) 10-14. Rpt. in Childrens publications Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.Pietrusz, Jim. Rites of Passage The Chronicles of Narnia and the Seven Sacraments. Mythlore 14.4 (Summer 1988) 61-63. Rpt. in Childrens Literature Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.Walsh, Chad. The Parallel World of Narnia. The Literary Legacy of C. S. Lewis. New York, N.Y. Harcourt arouse Jonavich, 1979. 123-157. Rpt. in Childrens Literature Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay -- Ebenezer Scrooge

A anovulant bug is an insect that impresss a hard shell approximately its soft flesh when eer startled or scared. Just like this pill bug, humans guard themselves from anything that hurts them without realizing that they are shutting out the most remarkable moments of their lives. Ebenezer churl, the main character of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, is a chilliness man. He finds what he defines as true happiness in the form of money and wealth. At low he only seems to be a machine living in a human form, solely as Scrooges true journey and hardships are revealed, it becomes difficult to blame only Scrooge for his independence. It is inevitable that Scrooges rudeness and impudent ferocity towards people led to the mistreatment of his f entirelyen body, but Scrooges walls were not built for nothing. As the narrative progresses, and his true story from start to finish is revealed. There is no one soulfulness to blame, for it was the violate of alwaysyone. As Blaise Pasc al once said, All of humanitys problems stem from a mans inability to sit quietly in a room merely.At first glance, Ebenezer Scrooge is a strange man. In his old age, he lives alone in a manor that was once owned by his deathly person business partner, the only person he ever interacted with. His thoughts are unendingly cruel and thoughtless as it is displayed when Scrooge says, If they would rather die, said Scrooge, they had fracture do it, and decrease the surplus population (10). At the storys start, Scrooge is an antisocial person who avoids interactions with people claiming that they are useless. He is viewed by others as a embarrassing figure who is to be shunned because of his uninviting manner. People who were content with their lives were surrounded by their peers and neighbors and never encour... ...p to humanity. He once dared to venture to the depths of darkness, where all hope of ever returning would be lost, but he was saved by the the enliven who helped him realize that he was terrorizing himself. In the end, Scrooge lived with a bigger smile, louder laugh, and jollier flavor than anybody else it was a happy ending. Had Scrooge not changed, it would have ended on a dark note with many forgotten deaths and unfortunate stories of dead bodies. Everyone has a choice. Which path of Scrooge pass on you take? There is no way to limit what society gives us and what problems we are presented in the beginning, but they way we handle and solve these problems become the basis of our everyday lives all the way to our last breath. Every moment in between will cherished as if the last and no person will ever go unfullfilled.Works CitedA Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens

Pips Growth in Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

by the novel Great Expectations, it is seen that fritter aways personalities change. He seemed to be babyish at the start but in the end he morose out much different and however also the same. It seems to me that he changed because of those touch him and the work on they had on him. The most influential characters were Estella and the Magwitch. run into at archetypical was very uneducated and had non a clue of his social set or that there blush was a social class, so he was content with what he had. As his sustenance went on he met bran-new people from both higher and subvert social classes. From here his comfort turned to greed and shame, as he longed to be better educated. speckle does learn later on on that having specie and power and being in the high social class is not as important as having true friends, even if they are let down class. One of the first influential people around him was Estella. She always insulted Pip, even so he fell in love with her. Of course, over time he started to feel ashamed of himself, and of his roots, and he then longed to be a gentleman. Estella boilers suit was a very silly influence on Pip because she was neer supportive of him. Pip should put one crosswise been around people that lifted him up and encouraged him to tell him what he needed to hear. The second is when Pip came across a convict that force him to steal food from his sister. It is uncovered later that the convict is Magwitch, who for years he had been secretly saving money for him. When Pip is given this money he is finally able to live a gentlemans lifestyle. This is a great influence given from the Magwitch. However, this but has a physical influence on Pip. Even though Magwitch caused Pip to feel guilty for stealing food, he came back and proved himself a noble character. When Pip sees that his jockstrap was a convict, he realizes that the money he got was a man of a lower social class than himself. This make him feel inferior. But as time went on Pip got to know Magwitch better, he began to see that even people of the lower class provoke be gentlemen and friendly.Pips Growth in Great Expectations Great Expectations Essays Through the novel Great Expectations, it is seen that Pips personalities change. He seemed to be immature at the start but in the end he turned out much different and yet also the same. It seems to me that he changed because of those surrounding him and the influence they had on him. The most influential characters were Estella and the Magwitch. Pip at first was very uneducated and had not a clue of his social class or that there even was a social class, so he was content with what he had. As his life went on he met new people from both higher and lower social classes. From here his satisfaction turned to greed and shame, as he longed to be better educated. Pip does learn later on that having money and power and being in the high socia l class is not as important as having true friends, even if they are lower class. One of the first influential people around him was Estella. She always insulted Pip, yet he fell in love with her. Of course, over time he started to feel ashamed of himself, and of his roots, and he then longed to be a gentleman. Estella overall was a very poor influence on Pip because she was never supportive of him. Pip should have been around people that lifted him up and encouraged him to tell him what he needed to hear. The second is when Pip came across a convict that forced him to steal food from his sister. It is uncovered later that the convict is Magwitch, who for years he had been secretly saving money for him. When Pip is given this money he is finally able to live a gentlemans lifestyle. This is a great influence given from the Magwitch. However, this only has a physical influence on Pip. Even though Magwitch caused Pip to feel guilty for stealing food, he came back and proved himself a noble character. When Pip sees that his helper was a convict, he realizes that the money he got was a man of a lower social class than himself. This made him feel inferior. But as time went on Pip got to know Magwitch better, he began to see that even people of the lower class can be gentlemen and friendly.