The Absence of Knowledge :: Essays Papers

The Absence of Knowledge Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into a farsighted night neer shall I forget that smoke shadow doesnt always represent the absence of light, but is a symbol for the absence of knowledge. Elie Wiesels book Night is a true account of what the Holocaust did, not only to many Jews but to humanity as well. The night was dark, flooded with death and decay, in the wordless gray sky, secreting all that happened in Germany at that time. Crematories filled the night sky with the horrific odor of burning flesh, searing your nostrils. In this night, a concealed operation was occurring. Millions of Jews, including Elies family suffered horrible deaths of incineration, being shot to death, lack of food, and terrible death marches. This book was titled Night because of the worlds ignorance towards the slaughtering in Germany by the Nazis. Elie and his family were transported by t rain cramped, starved, and fearful of death. These considerable trains carried thousands of women, children and men to an unknown destination, leaving them in the dark, with off windows or fresh air they were living in an everlasting night. Many Jews went crazy and tore their hair out from living in a cramped space. They were not given food or water for many days so they became dehydrated and desperate for on the dot a bite of hard bread. There was no sanitation in the boxcars. Not having bathrooms and sinks made the train cars reek of waste. Many people went crazy manage the woman in Elies car who had images of smoke and fire, screaming and yelling till she got knocked out. Because the train cars were so dark and dim it gave everyone within them a long night, full of fear. Gleiwitz concentration camp was one of the nastiest camps he had been to. Elie Wiesel worked endless nights, trying to stay alive, and keep his father alive. Many Jews were worked to death by hard force and no food. His father was getting weak, so Elie gave him extra rations of food to keep him living.

How To Pitch :: essays research papers

The most fundamental part of being a good tacker is pass watering strikes. With out that you leave behind not be able to tug hitters out and you will walk everyone. To sling strikes you incur to have a good wind up and delivery. afterward you have your grass mastered you can begin to throw different pitches such(prenominal) as a turn offball, change up, or slider.The first thing that you have to do in your wind up is to step masking with your right ft behind the rubber. Second you have to swing you right butt up and balance on your left foot. Finally you have to push your left foot off of the mound while balancing and throw the ball towards the plate. subsequently you throw the ball you have to be in a fielders position in case the ball is thrown hit back at you. The most common off speed pitch is a curve ball because it has a lot of movement if it is thrown correctly. To throw this pitch you use the akin wind up scarcely when you get to the point of throwing the bal l, rather of throwing it regularly you snap your wrist to make the ball spin. In regularize to get a lot of movement you have to throw the ball with a little bit less velocity. It is important to be able to throw a curve ball while pitching.Another good pitch is a change up. This pitch is simple to throw because it is similar to a fastball but it is only thrown slower. While throwing this pitch the wind up is the same but you throw the ball a little bit slower. This is to get the hitter off balance and not hit the ball on the drum of the bat. The third pitch is the slider. It is similar to a curve ball but it is thrown harder. It does not move as much but it does not sanction the hitter to recognize the movement.How To Pitch essays research papers The most important part of being a good pitcher is throwing strikes. With out that you will not be able to get hitters out and you will walk everyone. To throw strikes you have to have a good wind up and delivery. After you have you r fastball mastered you can begin to throw different pitches such as a curveball, change up, or slider.The first thing that you have to do in your wind up is to step back with your right foot behind the rubber. Second you have to swing you right foot up and balance on your left foot. Finally you have to push your left foot off of the mound while balancing and throw the ball towards the plate. After you throw the ball you have to be in a fielders position in case the ball is thrown hit back at you. The most common off speed pitch is a curve ball because it has a lot of movement if it is thrown correctly. To throw this pitch you use the same wind up but when you get to the point of throwing the ball, instead of throwing it regularly you snap your wrist to make the ball spin. In order to get a lot of movement you have to throw the ball with a little bit less velocity. It is important to be able to throw a curve ball while pitching.Another good pitch is a change up. This pitch is simple to throw because it is similar to a fastball but it is only thrown slower. While throwing this pitch the wind up is the same but you throw the ball a little bit slower. This is to get the hitter off balance and not hit the ball on the barrel of the bat. The third pitch is the slider. It is similar to a curve ball but it is thrown harder. It does not move as much but it does not allow the hitter to recognize the movement.

The Killing Game Essay -- essays research papers

The killing gameBefore reading The killing game by Joy Williams, I considered myself a non- searchinger. However, after(prenominal) reading The killing game, I had mixed feelings of how I felt about hunting. I think Williams unjustly stereotyped all hunters as be immoral without consideration for another point of view. I decided to look equally at both sides of this issue to determine which side, non-hunter or anti-hunter, I would fight down.I interviewed my friend, Dona Mayo, about hunting. I believed that she would know about hunting since she had hunted in the past and her father is an active hunter. She considers herself to be a non-hunter now but does support the rights of a limited amount of hunting for appropriate reasons. Her family always takes home and eats all the animals they kill. Any left over meat is donated to church or given to other families. Every edible part of the animal is eaten. The head is kept as a trophy if it has a good rack. They prefer to hunt deer, t urkey and squirrel. At one point, in 1985 lots of people were laid off from work. They had to rely on hunting to supply them with meat when they could no agelong afford to buy any.She did have a friend of hers that was involved in a hunting related accident. His name was Chris, when he was thirteen he had out of the blue shot and killed his father by laying a gun that had a bullet lodged in the rifle while climbing a fence. It is illegal to hunt in state parks in Mississippi. Taxpayers pay extra for l...

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The movie created by David Merrick as tumesce as the novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, twain entitled The Great Gatsby, ate truly two fine pieces of art. The movie version shows the spectator pump what is happening in the drool without internal comments from the narrator and the viewer can understand exactly what is happening without any intellectual thought involved. The novel, however, challenges the reader to look deep inside the writing in order to quail at the true effect of the novel and what kind of meaning is being portrayed. The novel also challenges the readers creativity and imagination. It lets the reader explore the faces personalities in their own special vogue and the reader can relate these personalities to real life. The novel also allows the reader more freedom that the move, in the way that it lets the reader shape their own opinions of the different characters. As a person watches the movie version, all the characters are laid out for them and every de tail of the character is seen, yet in the novel the character is described fully and it is up to the readers imagination to picture what the character looks like as well as the emotions conveyed by this character in the novel. The novel version of The Great Gatsby is a definite piece of art and clearly challenges the reader both intellectually and imaginatively to understand the words that describe the character accurately. Therefore the novelThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is still the best representation of the Romantic Hero and his American Dream, despite efforts by interpreters like David Merrick in his film version to "usurp" it, for the author challenges the readers imagination through his brilliant narrative technique, haunting characterization, and use of symbolism, so that Gatsbys experience becomes everyones.     The novel is told in the perspective of a single character, Nick Carraway. Nick is an innocent and simplistic character and w hen the story is conveyed through this type of character it usually is told truly, and without any outside influence from the other characters in the plot. Nicks telling of the story is taken from his scratch line hand accounts on how he sees the story unfold, straightforward and in the order that it occurs without confusion. Nick is a very moralistic man and his morals, and also his values, are positively genuine. His heart is filled with compassion, especially for Gatsby and the events that surrounded Gatsbys death as he was one of three people that were at this great mans funeral.

Black People Essay -- Racial Relations, Equality

Familiar to almost every individual in this country is the transportation system in the Declaration of Independence that states, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that entirely men are created equal (Jefferson par. 2). This statement would seem imply that all people, regardless of creed, gender, pass or ethnicity, have equal access to advancement in all facets of life. However, despite this concepts status as a foundational American ideal, complete equality among all groups of people has never been a reality in this country. Instead, different categories of people are ranked into a hierarchy and maintain various degrees of wealth, power, and prestige, often as a result of prejudice and discrimination. An area where this stratification is extremely pronounced is the difference in opportunities for women relative to those of men. Since the conception of this nation, women have been the subordinates of men. For many years, women were denied basic freedoms, such as the right t o vote and own property, and they are still currently denied the right to make some decisions regarding their own bodies. In todays society, it is widely recognized that men control more wealth, have greater opportunity for advancement, hold more powerful positions, and are more respected than women. In this paper, I will explore several aspects of inequality that contribute to gender stratification.In the past century, the number of women in the labor force has increased dramatically. In 2009, women comprised 46.8 pct of the total U.S. labor force (Quick). This stands in stark contrast to the number of women in the labor force in previous years. However, women are still disproportionately represented in many occupations, such as secretaries, administrative as... ...ly stated, women, occupational segregation is a problem for many categories of people in the United States. every last(predicate) of these disadvantages in employment have resulted in an over-arching problem for ethni c and minority groups low income.Income varies drastically between different groups of people in the United States, a fact which suggests that discrimination is widespread in this country. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the average median income for families was $58,407 in 2006. Considering this fact, the $40,000 that the average Hispanic American family makes is extremely low. Even put down is the average median family incomes of African Americans and Native Americans, which are $38,206 and $38,800, respectively. Income is such an integral part of every persons life, affecting not only a persons house, car, and clothing but also their health and education.

Black People Essay -- Racial Relations, Equality

Familiar to almost every individual in this country is the passage in the Declaration of Independence that states, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal (Jefferson par. 2). This statement would seem imply that all plurality, regardless of creed, gender, race or ethnicity, have equal access to advancement in all facets of life. However, despite this concepts status as a foundational American ideal, complete equality among all groups of people has never been a reality in this country. Instead, different categories of people are ranked into a hierarchy and maintain various degrees of wealth, power, and prestige, often as a result of prejudice and discrimination. An area where this stratification is extremely pronounced is the difference in opportunities for women relative to those of men. Since the conception of this nation, women have been the subordinates of men. For many years, women were denied basic freedoms, such as the right to vote and own prop erty, and they are still currently denied the right to make some decisions regarding their own bodies. In todays society, it is widely recognise that men control more wealth, have greater opportunity for advancement, hold more powerful positions, and are more respected than women. In this paper, I pull up stakes explore several aspects of inequality that contribute to gender stratification.In the past century, the number of women in the labor force has increased dramatically. In 2009, women comprised 46.8 percent of the append U.S. labor force (Quick). This stands in stark contrast to the number of women in the labor force in previous years. However, women are still disproportionately represented in many occupations, such as secretaries, administrative as... ...ly stated, women, occupational segregation is a problem for many categories of people in the United States. All of these disadvantages in employment have resulted in an over-arching problem for ethnic and minority groups low income.Income varies drastically between different groups of people in the United States, a position which suggests that discrimination is widespread in this country. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the clean median income for families was $58,407 in 2006. Considering this fact, the $40,000 that the average Hispanic American family makes is extremely low. Even lower is the average median family incomes of African Americans and Native Americans, which are $38,206 and $38,800, respectively. Income is such an integral part of every individuals life, affecting not only a persons house, car, and clothing but also their health and education.

Loopholes in the Audit Procedure

If senile had more knowledge regarding turn in Best, he would submit realized that this was an evident situation where an independent specialist should involve been used to perform the audit procedure. These problems hindered the gathering of several types of audit distinguish. Because Larry Gray did not do an capable Job getting to know Barry Mellow and JAZZ Best, he evidence gathered through client inquiry was not reliable. This type of evidence personnel to answer the auditors questions. Because Gray did not do enough research, he did not reveal the fact that Minnow was fallacious and dishonest.Client inquiry is rarely adequate as the only supporting piece of evidence for an audit objective and usually must be backed up by additional evidence. However, because Minnows and JAZZ Bests integrity were such a problem, basically every other piece of evidence gathered was untrustworthy. The evidence gathered through confirmation was greatly wedged as well. This evidence is obtaine d with questions asked by the auditor, either written or oral, to a third party and the answers are tending(p) directly to the auditor.However, this evidence was made unavailing because Assured Property Management Inc. And Interstate judgment Services directly affiliated with JAZZ Best for the sole purpose of generating fake indemnity contracts. However, Gray did not do enough research to figure this out. Furthermore, evidence gathered through physical examination of tangible assets and documentation or inspection of records and documents were rendered useless because they were fraudulent and not independent of the provider.The management assertions relating to this evidence is existence/occurrence and rights and obligations. Rights and Obligations is how management asserts that the recorded and disclosed assets are the rights of the entity and the liabilities are the obligations of the entity at a given ascertain. Existence/Occurrence is when management asserts that the recor ded assets or liabilities of the entity that are disclosed on the balance sheet exist at a given date and that the recorded transactions disclosed on he income statement have actually occurred during a given period.The fabricated occurrence of the restoration activity, and the rights and obligations to the building could have been uncovered if Gray had done more research on JAZZ Bests internal controls and Minnows integrity. The evidence obtained during their visit to the restoration site was unreliable due to independence of the provider, a factor of competent evidence. When information is obtained from someone independent of the company and transactions being investigated, the evidence is more reliable. Assured Property Management Inc. AndInterstate Appraisal Services were created by Minnow for the sole purpose of generating fake restoration contracts. However, Gray did not do enough research to figure this out. This influenced the tour of the restoration site in Sacramento, CA b ecause they were not independent of the provider. Another problem that lacked independence of the provider was the evidence Gray obtained regarding documents. Because these three companies were directly associated to each others fraudulent activity, none of the documents received were reliable. Evidently, independence of the provider is a crucial factor and this was lacking in this audit procedure.

Hrm and Technology

1. 0 Introduction In todays fastly changing line of work world, the need has arisen to rein the imaginations to its optimum enjoyment in devote to gain success in the business arena. Technology plays a vital role as this applies to the well-nigh semiprecious resource of valet resource too. Technology has greatly influenced the transformation from traditional and personal prudence to a more strategic gracious resource wariness approach. The ongoing engine room improvement has paved the elbow room for quick access to obtain the preferred resource regardless(prenominal) of geographical and environmental barriers.The extent of technology use across various activities of HRM, especi some(prenominal)y in recruiting and selection c everyplaces from advertising positions, receiving applications, initial screening to final section. This particular search provoke be for penetration level, middle level and high level position as appropriate, according to the external and intern al factors of an organization. Huge cost reductions in HR have in addition been experienced by dint of technology application, while, they have also led to adverse impacts much(prenominal) as redundancies and lay-offs.Communication development technology guides furthermore, from the recruitment process to occupational group development process through training and development, and creates resource personnel in the organization. Computer based testing leads to unbiased selections, arbitrating to in effect(p) and efficient valet imagination Management. Access to Human election Information trunks (HRIS) has also supportered to automate most of the functions of HRM to a greater extent and allows the HR activities to run in a less cumber nigh and efficient manner.This report further stunned ducts the adoption of virtual relieve wizardself and outsourcing as a result of modern technological evolution, and the benefits and impacts that technology has embraced towards Human Res ource Management. 2. 0 DISCUSSION 2. 0 What is Human Resource Management? According to Samson & Daft, Human resource precaution refers to the activities undertaken to attract, develop and maintain an effective hands within an organization. In other words HRM is the function dealing with managing tribe within the employer employee relationship (Stone, 2005).HRM function involves the creative use of people in achieving the organisations strategic business objectives and the satisfaction of individual employee needs. HRM is closely related to other management aspects, as its main objective is to improve the productive contribution of people. Human Resources Management encompasses a wide range of activities inclusive of identifying and deciding on moduleing needs, hiring, recruiting and training the most fit employees, ensuring and evaluating their motion, , and ensuring that the personnel and management practices line up to various regulations.It also includes activities rela ting to managing approaches for employee let ons such as benefits and compensation, safety, employee records and personnel policies. (Snell & Sherman, 2004). Human Resource animal trainers plan, administer and review activities relating to cater selection, training and development, conditions of employment and other military man resource issues within organizations (Peters, 2004). 3. 0 Objectives of using Technology in HRM The study of HRM describes what human resource managers do and what they should do.While there are some definitions of HRM, its primary office is to improve the productive contribution of people within an organization. Until the last few years the discipline was known as personnelmanagement. (Eddie & Smith, 2004). Now the term human resource management is agitate magnitudely employ in recognition of the richness of an organizations lockforce in contributing to the goals of that organization. Todays human resource issues are awful and appear to be ever expanding.The human resource manager faces a multitude of problems ranging from a constantly changing workforce to coping with ever increasing government rules and regulations. Because of the critical nature of human resource concerns, they are receiving increased attention from upper levels of management. It use to be rare to see reflect advertisements for human resource managers. Now such advertisements are very common and encompass significant organizational responsibilities. People are the common element in each organization. From an organizations perspective, its staff is its human resources.It is people like you who produce the goods and functions that create wealth. It is these goods and services that contribute to our standard of living. (Collins, 2005). there are many repugns facing organizations today. The better our organizations work, the easier it is for society to meet the present and future threats and opportunities. It can be said that the central challenge we face in society is to continually improve the performance of our organizations in both the private and public sectors. Part of this improvement will come from organizations becoming more efficient and effective.This requires the effective management in these organizations. 4. 0 Technology in the modern business An Organizations Technology is the process by which inputs from an organizations environment are transformed into outputs. This instance integrates organizationallevel technology research with human resource management strategies. (Robert, Mathis, John Harold 2006). The model relates dimensions of technical processes to humanresource practices, focusing on practices apply to develop employees. These relationships are mediated by the pillow slip of skills employeesuse.An empirical study of 139 employees found support for twohypotheses developed from the model. Results suggested thattechnology and HRM activities are connected through the levelof cognitive skill complexity an d the amount of support employeesreceive in developing new skills. Due to changes in the waydecisions are make in organizations today (for example, makingmore decisions at lower levels) the connection between the workprocess, the skills employees need, and the emphasis on developingemployees will become more and more pregnant. 5. Impact of Technology in HRM The technology has radically changed the way employees and managers access human resource data, and the use of online HR solutions has expanded rapidly over the then(prenominal) year. (Collins, 2005). Self-service and online tools have become important in the continuing effort to improve the management of HR functions and to drive competitive advantage, the survey found. As the lines cop between HR data and that use by the rest of the enterprise, organizations find it makes virtuoso to consolidate all employee data using a corporate portal.The importance of HR self-service is increasing, especially those applications that im prove employee performance. Were seeing the strongest growth among applications focused on managing and enhancing worker skills and productivityno surprise given that up to 70 percent of an enterprises expenses are people-related. _New skills required As new technologies are developed and implemented, there is an Urgent need to upgrade existing employee skills and knowledge if the organization wants to succeed and flourish in a competitive world.Additionally there will be growing make for workers with more sophisticated training and skills especially in emerging hot sectors like telecommunications, hospitality, retailing, banking, insurance, biotechnology and financial services. For example, services. For example, service sector employee requires diametrical skills than those utilized in manufacturing. (Peters, 2004). They need strong interpersonal and communication skills as substantially as the top executive to handle customer complaints in a flexible way. _ Downsizing New Te chnologies have decimated many lower end jobs with forbid regularity.Increased automation has reduced employee head counts everywhere. The pressure to remain cost effective has also compelled many a firm to go lean, cutting slew extra fat at each managerial level. The wave of merger and acquisition activity, in recent A time has often left the new, have companies to downsize operations ruthlessly. The Positions that have been filled up with workers possessing superior technical skills and Knowledge has also tilted the poser base ( in many emerging industries) from management to technical workers.It is not uncommon today for managers to have limited understanding of the technical aspects of their subordinates work. Managing the expectations of knowledge workers is going be major area of concern for all HR Managers in the years ahead. (Akin, Norton, Peg, 2004) _ Collaborative work Technological change has resulted in hierarchical distinctions macrocosm blurred and more collaborati ve teamwork where managers, technicians and analysts work in concert on projects. Team based incentive plans have also made it necessary for all classes of employees to work in close coordination with each other. Telecommuting The rapid advances in technology have led to the relocation of work from the office to the home. Telecommuting has become the order of the day where employees work at home, usually with computers and use phoned and the Internet to transmit letters, data and completed work to the home office. Companies have been able to increase their applicant pool through this mode and employees have also been able to live further away from cities and gain considerably due to savings in rents, transportation etc. _ Internet and intranet revolutionInternet and learning technology have enabled companies to become more competitive by cutting cost. Manufacturers, bank, retailers, and you name anything have successfully harnessed computer technology to reduce their costs and del iver want satisfying goods and services to customers at an amazing speed. Even in HR, internets and intranets are world used to handle training, benefit administration, performance management and out placement functions, in recent times. (Peters, 2004). The cumulative impact of new technology is so dramatic that at a broader level, organizations are changing the way they do business.Use of the internet to transact business has become so commonplace for both large and small companies that e-commerce is rapidly becoming the organizational challenge of the new millennium. Managing virtual corporations and virtual workers in this technology driven world is going to pose tough challenges for HR Managers in the years ahead. _ Role of HR in a virtual organization A virtual organization is network of companies or employees connected by computers. Virtual workers work from home, hostel, their cars, or wherever their work takes them.The human resources function plays a unique role in a virt ual organization i. Psychological fit The lack of face-to-face fundamental interaction in virtual organization, virtually compels HR professionals to determine the psychological fit between different units initially. (Collins, 2005). ii. System alignment Given the lack of physical proximity, it becomes dismantle more critical that the organizations mission, vision and barrooms be aligned and that all parties are familiar with these issues, the HR function can play an important role in this task. iii.Reconsider rewards In a virtual unit. Very few permanent exit. In many cases, the organization will be staffed with workers having different motivational forces. So rewarding each entity in an effective way becomes an important job. iv. Reconsider staffing needs In a virtual organization, most employees work on a contractual basis. Finding people with requisite skills, a knowledge and motivation level becomes an important activity. v. Build partnerships Virtual, teams have to be built from scratch paying attention to their unique requirements.The concept of employment needs to be replaced by the concept of partnership especially when most tend to work independently away from the permanent employees or owners of the organization. vi. Develop leaders Leaders become the major forces for building trust, creating a mission and instilling a sense of belonging to the organization HR can play a major role in ensuring that leaders assume these responsibilities and meet them in an effective away. (Collins, 2005). 6. 0 Technology in HR Activities A human resources officer develops, advises on and implements policies relating to the effective use of personnel within an organization.HR personnel work comprises a number of different but related policies, all of which are required by organizations that employ people, whatever the size or type of business. These cover areas such as working practices, recruitment, pay, conditions of employment and diversity. HR staffs need to en sure that the organization employs the right balance of staff in terms of skills and experience, and that training and development opportunities are available to employees to enhance their performance in order to achieve the organizations objectives. Collins, 2005). Typical work activities As a human resources (HR) officer they must(prenominal) have a intelligibly understanding of their organizations business objectives and be able to devise and implement policies which select, develop and retain the right staff needed to meet these objectives. (Farquharson, 2006)The exact nature of the work activities varies according to the organization, but is likely to include working closely with departments, increasingly in a consultancy role, assisting line managers to understand and implement policies and procedures promoting liveity and diversity as part of the culture of the organization liaising with a wide range of organizations involved in areas such as disability, gender, age, rel igion and health and safety recruiting staff this includes developing job descriptions, preparing advertisements, checking application forms, short listing, interviewing and selecting candidates developing policies on issues such as working conditions, performance management, equal opportunities, disciplinary procedures and absence management advising on pay and other remuneration issues, including promotion and benefits undertaking regular salary reviews negotiating with staff and their representatives on issues relating to pay and conditions administering payroll and maintaining records relating to staff interpreting and advising on employment legislation listening to grievances and implementing disciplinary procedures developing HR planning strategies with line managers, which consider immediate and long-term staff requirements in terms of numbers and skill levels planning and sometimes delivering training, including inductions for new staff Analyzing training needs in conjunction with departmental managers. (Farquharson, 2006) When considering all the preceding(prenominal) accepts of a human resource manager, they must allocate much and more time and energy on selecting the right candidate to the right position.The technology can be used on Selected HRM activities such for Employee recruitment, employee selection, training and development and performance appraisals 6. 1 enlisting & Selection The HR manager faces the main challenge when it comes to Recruitment and selection the manager has to be much more careful when choosing the right candidate. A recent study showed that the correlation between the ability to deliver well in a job interview and the ability to do well on the job is just 14 percent, or one good employee out of every seven people you hire. (Okpara, 2006). If you or your recruitment agency has found itself in a similar position, there are proven methods to improve this average. The equal study considered these methods. Backgroun d Checks According to (Okpara, 2006).The 14 percent increases to 26 percent if the candidates passes a series ofemployee background checks like falsified educational credentials and other beneficial liabilities, background checks only reveal breeding when an individual has been caught being lying. Of equal or greater value are underlying attitudes, as well as actions at which an applicant has not been caught, to most fully protect the organization against negligent hiring lawsuits and to assure the organizations are hiring reliable, ethical, hard-working employees. Knowing this information close to the people the companion hire is absolutely essential because a business can be held liable for accidents and crimes committed by its employees. Personality Tests consider traditional assessment tools used in the hiring process. These assessments measure personality characteristics.Personality testsraised the rate of success in hiring to around 50 percent positive. (Okpara, 2006). Man y employers want to know a candidates aptitude and personality type to ensure an appropriate job match. Some want to know it before they hire a candidate, some before they promote an employee, and some before they create work teams. In an effort to learn more about an employee, employers today administer personality tests. There are many kinds of personality tests available, but in the workplace a validated and reliable occupational assessment is critical to success on the job. (Okpara, 2006). Those professionals do not pass or fail but should be selected for the job that matches their individual personalities.Abilities Assessments When applicants were tested for both abilities and personality, employers found they were hiring the right people just over half or about 54 percent of the time. (Times, 2006) After managers have used to identify their employees strengths and areas for development, they can use the Series to loopywares available to develop the competencies that are most important to their professional growth and success. (Okpara, 2006). The softwares are conveniently located on the Internet, making it painless to implement and execute. These systems help managers to keep doing the things they do well, stop doing those things that interfere with their effectiveness, and start doing things that will improve their performance. These systems encourage managers to perform their jobs better.It gives emphasis to the importance of managers to the organization and its goals and pays big(a) dividends in the form of improved productivity, fewer people problems, increased employee retention, and greater profits. It is an ideal method for managers to improve their leadership and management skills. It can be used anywhere and at any time because it is on the Internet. After responding to questions and doing online exercises, it gives managers the tools they need to maximize their strengths, become better managers, and lead more effectively. Interest Assessment s To take it one step further, the study consideredinterest assessments, an even more sophisticated tool. It measures the job-related qualities that make a person productive Thinking and Reasoning Style, Behavioral character, and Occupational Interests.These systems were used for placement, promotion, self-improvement, coaching, succession planning, and job description development. (Okpara, 2006). It is a flexible management tool that develops Job Match Patterns that can be customized by company, department, manager, position, geography, or any compounding of these factors. Job MatchAssessments The study found that the most impressive and successful assessments are integrated measures of a combination of factors, and also include the concept ofjob match. They use cutting-edge technology combined with empirical data to evaluate the candidate against employees who are exemplary in performing their duties. Okpara, 2006). These recruitment assessments increased an employers ability to identify excellent candidates more than 75 percent of the time. Hiring top performing employees may be one of the most valuable activities you can do for your business. This system combine tested and reliable data derived from pre-employment screening assessment system, with a customized job analysis survey to create a benchmark by which the manager can hire an employee who best fits for the job and company. Employee Selection Process By including job match as a key factor in your employee hiring process, allocation of human capital will be significantly more effective.Most employee hiring decisions are made with inadequate information, but Profiles International assessments will deliver the information that the manager need to know before tendering a job offer and making a hiring mistake. 6. 2 Performance Appraisal Technology may contribute to performance management and therefrom to appraisal satisfaction in two primary ways. First, technology may facilitate measuring an individu als performance via computer monitor activities. This frequently occurs as an unobtrusive and rote mechanical process that relies on minimal input from individuals beyond their task performance. Jobs that incorporate this type of appraisal technology are frequently scripted or repetitious and involve little personal judgment or discretion. Working in a call centre or performing data entry are examples. (Peters, 2004).In this instance, the very act of performing a job simultaneously becomes the measure of how well a jobholder accomplishes it. Keystrokes, time on task, or numbers of calls made are recorded and at once become both job field of study and appraisal content. A second approach to technology and performance management changes the emphasis so that technology becomes a tool to facilitate the process of composing reviews or generating performance feedback. Examples here include multi-rater appraisals that supervisors or team members generate online, as well as off-the-shelf appraisal software packages that actually wee an evaluation for a manager. (Peters, 2004). This particular technological approach occurs more often in the ontext of jobs that involve personal judgment, high discretion, and open-ended tasks for which real-time performance monitoring is not an option. 6. 3 Training and Development The activity of Training and development has been made more efficient from the implementation of technology to it. Organizations now use computer based training sessions which use a visually demonstrated and presentation oriented training programme for the employees. (Peters, 2004). Programmes are repositiond in computers which reduce the necessity of acquire trainers to repeat the training programme over and over again. The employees are also equipped with softwares which enable them to re-check and use as manuals for the work they perform, thus influencing a cheaper mechanism of Self Training. (Peters, 2004).Errors and omissions are eliminated in the tr aining programme, making the employees to understand their job processes more efficiently. 6. 4 Reward System The revolution is being driven by new technologies and by the major social and political changes that have led to the globalization of business and to the increasing numbers of democratic, capitalist countries. Billions of people have recently entered, or are about to enter, the capitalist world. (Collins, 2005). A smaller but very significant number have entered the world of electronic connectedness as a result of the growing popularity of the Internet, satellite TV, cellular phones, and videoconferencing.The combined effects of technological and political change on organizations are wondrous and multifaceted. Increasingly, organizations are finding that in order to be competitive in the new global economy they have to reinvent themselves in important ways. This is true up of their basic organizational structure, their global reach, and their use of information technology. (Collins, 2005). It is also true of their reward systems. The old reward practices and systems that worked well in nationally focused, bureaucratic, capital-intensive, hierarchical, steady-state, near-monopoly corporations. Dramatic change is needed, and it is not difficult to identify what the key theme of todays reward systems should be a focus on rewarding excellence.Many factors argue for excellence being the number-one focus of any organizations reward system, including the ability to attract and retain the best people and to motivate the kind of performance that an organization needs in order to succeed in the new economy. Creating reward systems that focus on excellence and treat employees as human capital investors requires a major change in the way most systems operate. (Collins, 2005). Reward systems typically treat employees as job holders who are rewarded according to the size and nature of their jobs and how well they perform their jobs. Viewing them as human capital i nvestors suggests a different approach to rewards in two respects. First, it suggests basing rewards on the value of the human capital that people bring to the organization.What their job is at a particular moment is much less important than the value of their knowledge and skills. Second, it suggests rewarding people according to how effectively they use their human capital-their knowledge, skills, and competencies to help the organization improve its business performance. Creating reward systems that recognize the value of human capital and reward performance excellence is not easy. It requires a careful roast among an organizations reward system, business strategy, organization design, information systems, and employees. (Collins, 2005). I will begin our discussion of how it can be done by considering how reward systems impact organizational effectiveness. 7. 0 HRIS Human resource info systemThe Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is a program or software or online issue so lving method for the data entry, data tracking, and data information needs of the Human Resources, payroll, management, and accounting functions within a business. (Stone, 2005). In general packaged as a data base, hundreds of companies sell some form of HRIS and every HRIS has different capabilities. It is very important to select the HRIS carefully based on the capabilities you need for the organisation. Benefits of a Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is no longer a nice to have, but a necessity to help HR manage both a sea of information and the money spent on benefits plans, as HR faces limited resources and constantly changing data. (Stone, 2005). As a result the HRIS that most effectively serves companies tracks Pay raises and history, pay grades and positions held Performance development plans, training received Disciplinary action received, personal employee information High potential employee identification, and applicant tracking, interviewing, and selection. An effective HRIS provides information on just about anything the company needs to track and analyze about employees, former employees, and applicants. Your company will need to select a Human Resources Information System and customize it to meet your needs. 8. 0 Benefits of Technology in HRM Technology is changing the way we work, the roles we undertake, and the interactions through which work gets done. (Peters, 2004).Companies are supplement to manage the complexity of the global HRM and to deliver high-quality service. Companies use either a common system universal to all location For a example, HSBC uses people soft Ids to identify all the employees dispatched globally. SAP is the system that is used in MAS Holdings Globally, which enables the employees, suppliers and the management and the higher management to make Operational, analytical and strategic decisions, or a station of non standard system in unique to a each location to handle their HR programs and informational needs . The problem with the latter is that data are often late, neither and/or inaccurate. However because the time and cost factors they are the most commonly used.To reduce the negative impact of such problems some companies are developing service centers utilizing self service technologies and HRIS databases to eliminate routine work and to push delivery point back the employee or line management. With an appropriate use of HRM technology Human Resources staff enables employees to do their own benefits updates and address changes (example by creating a data entry format , uploading it to the intranet and later program the filled data to be store into a central location), thus freeing HR staff for more strategic functions. Additionally, data necessary for employee management, knowledge development, career growth and development, and equal preaching is facilitated. (Farquharson, 2006).Finally, managers can access the information they need to legally, ethically, and effectively support the success of their reporting employees. 9. 0 Conclusion Technology and Human Resource have brought about a radical change in meeting with the strategies, policies and implementation of the corporate planning of an organization. In other words, it has become the nucleus of an organization, which caters to the requirements of selecting the right candidate for the suitable job, training and coaching them to develop and achieve the desired levels to maximize objectives and to create a competitive edge in the industry and ultimately sustain them in the organization with a career development plan.In this process, opportunities will be given to those who are really in need of a specific picture in another country so as to acquire the required skills. This so called valuable resource will be able to cater to the demand with a long-term view, by adopting the right technology advancement at the right time and improve the overall operation of the organization with a clear vision and hence contribute to the bottomline which will enhance the share value and satisfy the shareholders to achieve satisfaction. 10. 0 Reference ? Stone, J, R. (2005). Human Resource Management. (5th Ed. ). John Wiley and sons, Australia ? Anne Osborne Kilpatrick, jam A. Johnson, 2004. Handbook of Health Administration, Co. CRC Press ? Collins, M. (2005).Professional recruitment Journal of proquest education, p. 32. ? Eddie, C. & Smith. (2004). Human Resource and Personnel Management Text and Cases, Co. Tata-Mcgrawhill, p. 87-89. ? Farquharson, M. (2006). Performance appraisal Journal of proquest education, p12. ? Grey. . (2005). Human resource planning Journal of proquest education. ? Robert L. Mathis, John Harold Jackson, 2006. Human Resource Management, Co. Thomson South- Western ? Okpara, J. O. (2006). Job satisfaction American journal of academy of business, p81. ? Peters, L. (2004). five keys to effective recruiting Ivey business journal, p 21-24. ? Snell & Sherman, 2004, managing human resource 12th edition

Comparative Criticism of Two Museums

Mark Moran Prof. Elizabeth Marlowe Master tack togethers of Western Art November 8, 1999 Formal Comparison of Two Museums The Frick charm and The Guggenheim Museum are both museums on 5thAvenue in cutting Yorks Upper East Side neighborhood, and they are both named for famous American tycoons from the early 20thcentury. But their similarities pretty much end there. The Frick Collection is the former residence of steel baron Henry Clay Frick who spent forty long time assembling a large exhibition of artwork for his personal enjoyment.The Guggenheim Museum, on the other hand, was always intended as a public museum to display dissimilar art exhibits. These fundamental differences are most evident in the architectural design of the buildings themselves the Frick building is a calm, warm house built for a family to merry in while the Guggenheim building is a cold, public hall built to accommodate hundreds of art enthusiasts at a time. The styles of the architecture are quite differen t, and they job the very different styles of artwork inwardly.Furthermore, the shapes and layout of the buildings lend themselves to quite different viewing experiences for the visitor. From the outside, the only things the two buildings have in common is that they both dominate an ideal block of 5thAvenue and they are both white. The Frick building, designed by architect Thomas Hastings, was built from 1913-1914 in the neo-classical style prevalent in New York at the time. Classical arches, ionic columns, and outdoor gardens and fountains remind the viewer of an ancient Roman villa, much like fellow baron and art collector J. P.Gettys museum in Malibu, CA. Elaborate decoration over the doorways and columns as well as ornamented atriums and statue niches further enhance the classic design and tranquil setting. The building is relatively horizontal, earlier one story that sprawls out much lower than the chromatography columning buildings which surround it. The Guggenheim buildi ng is just the opposite. Built in 1956 from architect Frank Lloyd Wrights design, it is as much a vision of the future as Fricks house is an homage to antiquity. The Guggenheim is a giant concrete and glass coiling designed with numerical curves and no right ngles. The surfaces are all completely smooth and there is no decoration or ornamentation inside or out. The bizarre social structure conjures up images of alien civilizations and challenges the viewer with its unusual shape. The Guggenheim resembles and upside-down wedding cake, which gives it a much more vertical intent than the Frick, even though it is also shorter than the contact buildings. thither are no living areas inside the Guggenheim, just one huge chamber with a long spiral that visitors are intended to rick down and view all the artwork from.Artwork is in general installed along the large spiral, although there are also small rooms which come off the spiral ramp. Because visitors take the elevator to the top, they have nowhere to go but to follow the spiral down. This ensures that they see the artwork in a specific order and provides the unanimous feeling that the viewer has seen all there is to see. The Frick, however, has no set order. Even though some modifications were made by architect John Russell Pope in the 1930s to convert it for public use, the building largely retains the feeling of a house.Just as one would expect of a house, it is a mixture or undertake hallways, living areas, large banquet rooms, and outdoor courtyards which sprawl out in various directions from the entryway. The rooms are designed for comfort and practical living, not for efficiently taking a tour. Visitors are encouraged to wander through the rooms in any particular order without guidebooks, simply enjoying the pieces as Frick himself did. This provides a restful and laid back setting for viewing the assorted artwork inside, but also leaves the visitor unsure of when he has finished seeing the entire c ollection.Since the collection doesnt change much, seeing it all is not the point. Relaxing in the setting is. This very different interior designs demonstrate the different priorities of the museums. The Frick Collection is primarily static that is, it is almost entirely the varied artwork collected by Frick himself (although there is a small area in the basement for temporary exhibits). There is no unifying theme of the pieces inside and Japanese vases sit right beside European paintings. Fricks goal was to collect pieces of art that he found sweet to live with, regardless of their genre or origin.For this reason, he had a house built to hold his artwork rather than a museum, even though he always intended to eventually bequeath it as a public collection. The Guggenheim, on the other hand, transforms itself every several months as it rotates in a parvenue exhibit. One month it may be almost entirely 20thcentury French paintings and the next month mostly Harley-Davidson motorcycl es. That permanent collection of the Guggenheim is relatively small and not its main focus. The main focus of the Guggenheim is to show off a particular theme or genre of artwork assembled by passkey museum curators.Since the exhibits only last a few months, the museum encourages repeat viewers who benefit from the spiral design that allows them to efficiently see the entire new show. What is consistent astir(predicate) that Guggenheims exhibits is that they are generally modern and challenging, just like the building. The design of the Frick residence is to inspire tranquility. The painting, sculpture, furniture, and pottery range from the Renaissance to the late 19thcentury, and there are no violent or startling works in the collection.The buildings layout, from the peaceful fountains to the elegant columns and niches all enforce a feeling of serenity inside the building and out in its gardens. The constantly changing Guggenheim strives to do just the opposite. Its goal is to be thought-provoking and shocking which is emphasize by its strange structure and lack of benches and resting areas, which are abundant in the Frick. Because Fricks artwork is pre-20thcentury and somewhat traditional by todays standards, the theater built to house the works was designed to be as classical as possible.The building itself is a classically inspired artwork. Likewise, the Guggenheim building is an abstract, thought-provoking piece of 20thcentury artwork. The Guggenheim Museum and the Frick Collection are two of New Yorks most famous museums. They have fundamentally different architectural designs, both inside and out, that reflect and enhance the different goals of the museums. And stock-still, they both interact with their environments in a similar manner. Neither building is a large rectangle like the apartment buildings and consulate offices that tower over them.Their unusual designs which dominate entire blocks instead suggest buildings that are open to the public, just as libraries or churches do. Neither of them blends in with the surrounding buildings, and yet each one elegantly faces Central Park and adds to the neighborhoods overall harmony. The unique shapes of these museums invite passersby to marvel at them and perhaps to come in and admire the artwork, or at least browse through the gift shops. In this sense, the different architecture of these buildings, one classical and one futuristic, produce a similar emotion in the viewer and thus achieve the same goal.

A Reflection on Innatism: Revisiting Locke and Leibniz

Locke was clear about his philosophy- that there is no rational intuition that subjects an someone to a multitude of ideas which he he/she hasnt encountered through experience yet. Our mind is a tabula rasa in contrast to what Descartes might have presumed to be precondition by some divinity or what was called as having indispensable ideas.Locke strongly feels that external source such(prenominal) as sensation from experience molds our thoughts. Although this essay whitethorn not be able to prove scientifically the validity of Lockes contention, at least by revisiting his philosophical explanation, one is led to rethink whatever prior belief which either favors or opposes him or begin a journey of reflection which would satisfy at the very least, our thirst for reason.Innatism disagrees with early theorists such as Locke by arguing that humans have innate knowledge or have access to ideas, which ar inborn like those that we conceive as received because they be self-evident with out the need of some external source to rely on. Innatism proponents refer to ideas we have known beyond experience such as those acquired through transcendental possibilities, notions of good and evil or morals, ethical truths, and nature of causality.This is similar to Platos theory of knowledge of the forms that we already have gained knowledge of things originally we are born and we only tend to remember them as we experience life (Anamnesis). He showed this in Meno, when Socrates led a boy to explain something he has not been taught or has not learned yet but nonetheless was able to arrive at. Is it possible for humans to have known anything without having learned it?Do we truly have knowledge in our subconscious that give soon be revealed when reminded or called for? Locke thinks there is a process in the formation of ideas among mankind. He further explained his case in his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. More or less, the conflict is whether or not ideas are deriv ed from experience and its sensation or processed reason.First, should there be ideas derived from pure reason, then it should subject to a universality of ideas or the so-called universal assent. For while the proponents of innate ideas reason that the nature of ideas held true by everyone is innate, Locke questions the existence of ideas which however are universally accepted are not necessarily innate unless there was no other way for it to be established. In the first place, Locke is not comfortable with the idea of universality.Morality and ethics are dependent on cultures and norms. Besides, the acceptance of innate ideas might challenge a someones capacity to retain them since there are so many ideas to remember yet the brain could only afford to store enough. There will certainly be issues of which universal ideas and how many of them do we innately possess?As objection to Lockes arguments, supporters of innatism purport the need for Reason to discover the innate ideas. H owever to Locke, this is a manifestation of self-contradiction since the primary argument of the opponent is- that innate ideas do not need external source for confirmation. Better yet, are the experiences that force out remembrance of the innate ideas necessarily the same as well?On a personal note, Lockes contenders must be delineating between innate ideas, which are the harbinger of Pure Reason therefore making them innate as well and ideas which, out of our experiences as we grow, are either modified and are potentially creating new forms of reason nevertheless corrupted. For instance, even if we think of killing other people as innately immoral, the formation of new cultures and new belief systems whitethorn transform this otherwise like when it becomes acceptable in political terms, (i.e. war against terrorism) or anthropological terms (i.e. cannibalism).This is probably why they adhere to Pure Reason- that which is upright by societys development and change. Locke could cha llenge this by saying that there will emerge to be better societies like those which are pervert from modernity or that children must be more expert than adults in conceiving innate ideas. Thus, in discussions of origin of ideas, adherents of innate ideas are on the losing end.How then are ideas or knowledge created? This is somehow presented in Lockes counterargument on universal assent- such that if ideas are innate, they have to be assented to universally. This calls for differences in ideas that are innate in one person against another. But the need for them to be assented to suggests that there are no innate ideas. People are prone to disagreements and could this be explained by the innateness of the ideas or of their inherent differences?It seems like Locke would rather explain this through varying capacities of people to understand and react to experiences which we encounter or have encountered in the past accordingly making us susceptible to perceiving distinct opinions. K nowledge is a result of this interaction among people and whichever prevails is the one, which is rendered more reasonable than the other as a result of more coherent experiences.

Particle Size Distribution and Cyclone Efficiency Distribution Essay

In this experiment collection efficiency of a cycl iodin has been determined for deuce types of fragments Fly Ash and MgO in an air stream. Such a dust is commonly found in industries using sear and refractories. mote sizing statistical scattering of cozy air as well as cycl peerless exhaust has also been measured using Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). The collection efficiency of the cyclones was in 85 -95% post for Fly Ash dust and approximately 96% for MgO dust under experimental conditions.The particle surface dispersion in the ambient air as well as in the cyclone exhaust was showed a log normal statistical distribution and each of these distributions was composed of more than one sizing of it distributions. A. Introduction In modern industrial era we have to live with dust and powders on continuous basis. in that respect argon galore(postnominal) industrial processes that aim raw materials in powder form like powder metallurgy, sintering plants in integrat ed steel plants, cement industry, polymer engineering etc. to name a few.It is not unreasonable to expect that the industries that intent powders as raw material, throws lot of particulate matter into the atmosphere around it. Even in the cases, when the raw material in not a powder, the emissions contains lot of particulate matter. Some examples are emissions from blast furnaces, coal fired plants etc. to name a few. Vehicular pollution is one of the major sources of suspended particulate matter (spm) in the atmosphere in the urban areas. Therefore, the knowledge of particle size distribution is required and very utile in many cases. Some examples are the following Estimation of dust hazard to the personal handling powders in industries Designing an equipment for removing dust from a mishandle stream like exhaust gas of blast furnace and other furnaces Selection of a fit dust cleaning form for a given environment Estimation of the efficiency of filters and other dust coll ection transcriptions Identifying the source of the dust particles Estimation of properties of an aerosol etc. Therefore, it is useful to understand the method and practices of bill and describing particle size distribution and also the assorted methods and instruments that are used to clean dust from a gas stream.This experiment is concerned with sizing distribution of atmospheric dust and the efficiency of a dust collection system will be determined. The following section described antithetical distributions of particle size in a dust sample. A. 1 Description of particle size distributions Dust particle or airborne particles are not of a given size rather there are particles of several(predicate) sizes in a dust sample. This size range can be very banging in the range of tens of nanometers to hundreds of micron. The exact size distribution depends upon the source of the particulate matter.For example size distribution in a blast furnace exhaust will be different from that in a motorcycle emission and so on. A particle size distribution can be described by the following numeral expression Here, d is the diameter of the dust particle and dN is number of the dust particle in the diameter range d to d+dd. a, b, ? and ? are the constants. Depending on the value of these constants there are two kinds of particle size distributions. One is Nukiyama Tanasawa distribution and the other is rub-Rammler distribution. For Nukiyam Tanasawa distribution, ?= 2 and ? = 1 and the expression is Rosin Rammler distribution is described by the following expression The Rosin Rammlerdistribution was developed to represent size distribution of coal particles, that was received by sieving of coal particles. Here di is a particular sieve size or the minimum size of a particle retained by that sieve R is the weight down of the coal particles retained by all the sieves with size d di and was expressed as percentage of the total coal weight b and n are constants. To ev aluate these constants in these size distributions, one needs to do curve fitting.Therefore, it is easier to go for simpler statistical distributions based on normal distribution. For any distribution, there is a mean and a archetype deviation. For a sample these can be calculated by using the following formulae Sample Mean Sample bar Deviation From these sample statistics one can calculate population parameters like true mean or population mean, ? and standard distribution ? with certain floor of accuracy. However, if the sample can be considered to be true representative of the true population then one can take sample statistics (mean and standard deviation) as population parameters ? and ?.While the mean is a measure of the central tendency, standard deviation gives distribution of particle size around the mean. If standard deviation is large then the distribution is wide and vice versa. If two more parameters skew and kurtosis that measure symmetry and round topedness respec tively are also used in coupler with mean and standard deviation, then can completely describe a size distribution. For a normal distribution, skew and kurtosis are zero and the distribution is mono-modal with peak at the mean and is symmetric about the mean. Such a distribution is applicable for simple distributions with m/s 2. 5.If this ratio is little then the distribution, largely shows large positive skew. To tackle such a problem one goes for log-normal distribution, which is a normal distribution of the logarithm of the particle size. Most of the natural size distributions are best described by log-normal distribution. As mass distribution is more appropriate and used frequently, therefore, one can deduce mass distribution from size distribution. To do this one needs to calculate mean and standard distribution of the mass of the particles and this is done by dividing individual size measurements by eyepatch calculating the mean and the standard deviation.For most of the pollution control applications log-normal distribution is used. Probability distribution function (pdf) for such a distribution with mean ? and standard deviation ? is given by the following expression Such a distribution is shown in figure 1, below. In this case, the peak shifts in left solicitude with increasing standard deviation, ?. Fig. 1 Shift of the probability distribution peak in left direction with increasing standard deviation of the sample There is another(prenominal) very important aspect of particle size distribution.Generally a dust sample collected from certain location does not lie of a single distribution instead it consists of many size distributions. It is easier to identify and separate these distributions when the peaks are well separated. However, many times the peaks are so close that these distributions mingle up as a single composite size distribution and one needs to extract individual distributions out of this composite distribution by carefully deconvo luting the composite size distribution. Before describing a size distribution, one needs to first measure the size distribution.There are many instruments that help in measurement of particle size and the size distribution. Some important proficiencys are described in the following section. A. 2 Measurement of Particle Size and Size-Distribution Sieving This is the most conventional and easiest method for particle size-distribution measurement. In this case a representative sample of the particulate matter is taken by suitable sampling method like divided cone method. In divided cone method, the particulate matter is made as a cone and one quarter of the cone is taken.This process is repeated hill the final sample size is taken. This sample is then sieved by using a series of sieves of different sizes in a consecutive order. The particle that remains above the sieve of a particle number (size) is given that size and in this manner the size-distribution of the built-in sample is mea sured. Sieve size is given by a number. That number represents number of aperture in a linear inch. Thus a sieve of size 75 means, there are 75 apertures in one inch of that sieve and so on. Therefore, a larger sieve number corresponds to a smaller sieve size.This method is very easy and suitable for coarse particles of size greater than 50 ? m. However, for finer sized particles, this technique becomes very unreliable. optic Microscopy Optical microscope is also very useful method to measure size distribution of particulate matter. This method can be used to measure size distribution of particulate matter from any source. Different sampling methods can be used to collect the sample for size distribution measurement. Some of these are (i) Filtration tissue layer filters are generally used to collect samples that have different color or refractive index than the filter.(ii) Sedimentation on a glass slue is another useful technique, especially for large particles. However, for getti ng a representative sample one should be careful. (iii) Thermal precipitation is another useful technique however, care should be taken to avoid segregation of sizes. (iv) Electrostatic precipitation on a glass slide or electron microscope grid is another technique that is commonly employed. However, optical microscopy is limited to 1 ? m sized particles as maximum magnification is 1000 only. This is because, light is the probing signal and its wavelength is of that order.For measuring the size distribution if still finer particles one needs to use scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In case of SEM a center electron beam is scanned in a raster and the image is formed by collecting the different type of electron signals like secondary electron or back scattered electron. In case of TEM, the focused electron beam is transmitted through the particle and an image of the particle is formed at higher(prenominal) magnification 100,000. Cyclones Cyclones are used mainly as dust removing system however, these are also used for separating particles into different size groups.One example is use of cyclone in personal dust sampler to separate the powder into two fractions one which is respirable and another which is not. Cascade impactors In this system, particles are collected in different size groups in different stages according to the aerodynamic impaction onto a substrate. Each stage can be analyzed chemically, measured using a microscope or can be even weighed electronically. These are used for sampling of particulate matter in atmosphere or in chimney or furnace exhaust gas. These are capable of sizing the particulate matter in 0.05 to 10 mm range. These systems have evolved considerably and modern systems are equipped with crystallization crystal microbalance for detecting mass number of the dust particle and even electrical detection of the particles, which has been charged before classifying into different sizes. O ne such system is Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). This equipment will be described in somewhat detail in the next subsection. Diffusion Battery In this system particles are classified based on their ability to diffuse through a series of mesh screens.Smaller particles diffuse faster and vice versa. better particles are thus collected easily than the coarser particles. This system can be used for particles smaller than 1 ? m. Electrical Mobility Analyzers In this system, the particles are charged prior to separation. The charged particles are separated by applying electric field. Smaller particles have higher mobility due to smaller mass than the larger particles. Therefore, electric field removes the particles in selective manner at different stages according to their sizes.This system can do sizing of particles in the size range 1 ? m to 1 mm. Light Scattering Devices These are based on scattering of light by the dust particle in the suspension. It can use dry as well as wet suspension. The angle of scattering of light is related to its size. Normally a highly collimated laser light is used. Though the minimum size is limited by the wavelength of the light and is 0. 3 mm newer systems have been designed that can measure particles in nm size range as well. However, these are costly equipments.

Rape of the Lock Satirical Devices Essay

From the excerpts studied in The Rape of the Lock, Alexander Pope skillfully uses the mock epic genre to satirize the trifling nature of his society through exaggeration, parody and juxtaposition in rhyming couplets.The epic soma makes everything larger than life which Pope uses to reveal the absurdity of the society he lives in. A simple card game is turned into a complex combat on a velvet plain, which exaggerates the little action that actually takes place in the Canto. In the card game called Ombre, hands are not just hands. They repre direct armies of opposite suites. Face cards are four kings in majesty revered, with hoary whiskers and a forky beard ,four fair queens whose hands aver a flower, the expressive emblem of their softer power and four knaves in garb succinct, a trusty band, caps on their heads and halberds in their hand.Pope also parodies the epic form in order to depict questionable take accounts in his time. A feast is a scene common in epics like Beowulf and is mirrored by the coffee scene in this mock epic. The board with cups and spoons is crowned shows the great worth placed on China and utensils. Instead of vessels to hold beverages, Pope portrays them as Chinas earth that receives the smoking tide. Coffee is almost given supernatural powers since it makes the politician wise, and see through all things with his half-shut eyes. The coffee is the fuming liquor that sent up in vapors to the barons brain, giving him the idea to plan to cut off a lock of Belindas hair.Pope combines the run-of-the-mine with the unusual with simplicity to suggest the triviality of the values of his time through the juxtaposition in rhyming couplets. Canto III describes Hampton Court where Queen lives whom three realms obey, dost sometimes counsel take and sometimes tea, which sets the tone for the events to follow in the court. He suggests that One speaks the glory of British Queen, and one describes a charming Indian sort a third interprets motions, l ooks, eyes at every word a reputation dies through the conversation of the ladies and gentlemen in court, describing societys twisted value system.Pope uses aspects of the mock epic to satirize his societys irresponsibility. He uses exaggeration to mock misplaced importance. He takes specific scenes and uses parody to illustrate the irrelevancy of rituals such as coffee drinking. He uses the structure of rhyming couplets to contrast the ordinary with the extraordinary to reveal how important things are considered.

Improving Health and Wellness in Students Essay

Rising consumerism is a problem that has a profound effect on children today. Children and adults watch television and argon inundated with commercials that push viewers to buy the latest technological gadgets that replace outdoor activities and exercise. As well, the latest dulcify, ice cream, and another(prenominal) unhealthy products are cast in amongst cartoons that capture childrens attentions and their parents are pressured to please their children and buy them material objects to satisfy them rather than engaging them in healthy activities and studying much of the time.Many parents are working and have little time to spend with their kids, sitting in front of the television together or encouraging kids to quietly play with their gadgets (play stations, computers, and others), so parents can relax may be strike the norm. To make up for this wishing of involvement many parents guiltily give in to childrens whims and buy them candy and unhealthy food, to save time fast-foo d replaces a healthy dinner and that much needed time at the dinner table to interact and be elusive in their childrens lives.An efficient school program would not only target the youth, but their parents, as well then. Operation Pause the PlayStation in allow for be aimed at educating parents and children separately on issues involving obesity and other unhealthy behaviors. It is probable that parents of children, who are not obese, will be less receptive and unlikely to come to these after-school classes.But, it is postulated this involvement program will be less receptive if it were labeled as a program for troubled kids. Therefore this program will have the contingency that children will not be able to pass to the next grade level unless parents attend (this is fitting as the program should be implemented at the end of the school year before children have summer break and may be more sedentary and involved in unhealthy activities without the benefit of healthy school lunches and physical education).Therefore, parents and children should attend at least three classes that tackle these problems. Class one should tackle the McDonaldization of Society and make that busy working families do not mean to do their children harm when settling for fast food, but that fast food is unhealthy and can work to obesity and/or unhealthy learned behaviors that will follow children into adulthood.Giving in to children and buying them unhealthy food to fill the void that is left from lack of quality time, should also be addressed. Most importantly, the lack of parental involvement in school activities due to rushed lifestyles should be addressed. This class will be a sort of forum, as well, not meant to single out any parent, but an opportunity for parents facing the same kinds of strain to network with one other and see that they can be part of a healthy solution.Class two should encompass the overuse of technical gadgets (including television) that interfere with heal thy activity. Teachers of these classes that can be taken from high school level health classes and may choose films or other forms of media that deal with these issues to show that, in a sense, these parents and their families are victims of consumerism. exterior of class, more and more children are watching more and more TV, to the point that they are watching approximately 40,000 TV commercials annually. (The CEO of Prism Communication notes, They arent children as much as what I like to call evolving consumers (Heiner, 2006).Deconstructing these facts that lead to sedentary and possibly unhealthy behaviors in children from a larger, systemic base will, also, supporter parents to realize that they are not being singled out, but instead part of a consumer culture that demands this type of behavior. While the parents are involved in the commencement ceremony two classes, high school level physical education and health teachers should teach the children about food pyramid and what different foods do to help the remains grow and be strong. They should, also, focus on different exercise techniques that are fun and help to keep children in shape. The two courses should help children to begin to envisage beyond McDonalds and PlayStation and the children will take what they learn and teach their parents.This is what class three should be revolving around, a fun and light-hearted end to the requirement. Here students will tech their parents what they have learned as far as healthy eating and a better overall lifestyle. The parents will, most likely, appreciate that their children are making an bm to improve their lifestyles and will continue where the classes left off. Additionally, there should be representatives from various summer camps and programs that are inexpensive , so that even children in poverty could attend. The YMCA, Boys and Girls Club, and other organizations should promote what they have to offer at this time and, hopefully the summer will serv e as a break from studies, but a first base to more healthy behavior.In conclusion, problems with obesity and unhealthy behavior are systemic. We live in a consumer culture that causes both the old and young to sometimes believe that having things is essential. Hurried lifestyles, as well, from long work hours, and especially in single-parent households may lead to turning to fast food and a lesser bear on in school activities. Competing with friends to have the most up-to-date technology may lead to parents having pressure put on them to provide these unnecessary gadgets and relaxing may start to take the form of television watching or other technological time. These problems are not unique to any one group, but all parents and all children are at risk. Operation Pause the Playstation, should help change attitudes on this.ReferencesHeiner, R. (2006). Social Problems An Introduction to Critical Constructionism. New York Oxford University Press.Insidehighered.com. Advanced Placemen t electrostatic Ascending. (2007). Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http//www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/02/07/ap. Leone, Peter & Drakeford, William. Alternative Education From a Last Chance to a Proactive Mode. (1999). Reprinted with permission of TheClearing House Volume 3, Number 2, November/celestial latitude 1999 The Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Published by Heldref Publications, 1319 18thSt. N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-1802. Copyright 19. Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http//www.edjj.org/Publications/pub_06_13_00_1.html.Payne, R. (1996). A Framework for Understanding Poverty. p. 59. Highlands aha Process, Inc.

Alum Lab Conclusion Essay

The purpose of this laboratory was to substance abuse two different techniques to attempt to identify the melting evince and the mole ratio of hydrated urine to anhydrous aluminum, potassium, and sulfate of AlKSO4. The hypotheses were if the alum was put in a capillary tube the melting point of alum go forth be able to be determined and the water of hydration in alum crystals will be possible to determine if the alum is heated with a Bunsen burner. ResultsE actually compound has its suffer unique sets of chemical properties. Alum crystals be of great purity and are easily prepared. Because of their purity, they are oftentimes used in dyeing cloth, where the alum acts as a source of Al+3 ions which are not contaminated. These properties can be determined experiment whollyy and in this experiment as mentioned above, a some properties of alum were being determined. The first test was to identify the melting point of the alum and compare it to the produce value that already exis ts. The melting point of a substance is a property that indicates at what temperature it goes through and through a state change of solid to liquid. In order to do this, the alum was placed in a water bath and heated. In the second part of the experiment, the alum was analyzed for water of hydration.When an noggin compound is prepared in aqueous solution and isolated by crystallization, water molecules are interconnected into the compound in fixed proportions. The amount of water incorporated is referred to as the water of hydration. This amount cannot be predicted, so it must be determined experimentally. In order to do this, the alum was heated until all the water was driven off. After the completion of the experiment, it was discovered that the results extracted were very close to the expected results.As seen in the data table, the literature melting point and the one obtained in the experiment were only a teensy more than .5 away from each other which means pretty accurate re sults were taken away from this experiment. In regards to the second part of the experiment, a way to see precision in the results would have been to do a second heating of the alum in the crucible. Time, however, did not allow for this so if the experiment was to be through with(p) again, better results may be obtained by another trial of that part. This experiment overall was a very good example of how certain properties of substances can only be obtained through experiment. It also showed new techniques of ascertain properties like melting point and water of hydration that could be used in future experiments.

Course Notes

Can positive farmers produce large food to feed the world? Discuss this question commenting on the place of constituent(a) agribusiness in sustainable food organizations In order for organic farming to produce enough food for the world In a sustainable frame, Limiting federal agents to production In the organic system need to be overcome. Through yields outputs to primarily disease retard and fertilizers, this method of farming could solve orbicular hunger and world starvation, giving us aOn the other hand, conventional agricultural production systems are non necessarily sustainable-perhaps we need a compromise. Continual cropping and grazing, together with over use of herbicides, Insecticides and fertilizers are Inarguably damaging to the environment and the web of life. There has often been a proposal that Northern Australia could become the food bowl of Australia. The argumentation against this Is often that disease and pest control In the Northern climates is a major Li miting factor to production.Extrapolating this to a world property, I dont believe organic farming on a world crustal plate could achieve the production levels required to feed the escalating population. Without conventional inputs, which are not always organically friendly, I cannot see adequate production to feed the world. Perhaps in to the future this can be achieved. As dad just pointed out-in the North of Australia, and this would be in other matching arid countries of the world, animal production, is comparatively easily to be organically certified because they dont need to use drench, fertilizers etc-only some feed supplements which could be organic.The occupation areas are the more tropical areas where disease and pest control are more difficult in an organic plant production system. -produce food of optimum quality and quantity using sustainable farming practices -produced in over 130 countries -represent fastest growing food sector worldwide -market analyst auspicate a nnual growth rates between 10-30% around the world -basis is -healthy, biologically active soil -enhance and honorCourse NotesThe focus of Case 4 is how poor communication can effect an organization. Communication is infixed to the survival of any organization. A leave out of effective communication will result in bitty to no coordination and cooperation, resulting in decreased performance. In assessing Strayhorns communication effectiveness, one can see the detrimental impacts EI experienced because of his approach. Two of the biggest factors dampened by his style were morale and productivity. In addition, failure to address rumors circulating in the grapevine increased anxiety, stress, and crises among employees.With EIs contract with Ocean localize coming to an end, the big question for EI employees was whether or not the contract would be renewed. Mr. Strayhorn failed to directly address the situation. It seems as though Strayhorn was more concerned with saving-face than t he take of his employees. One can then reason employees developed mistrust in management because of their lack of information. This in turn caused many employees to develop personal barriers in the form of psychological distance. The lack of proper cave in and downward communication led employees to utilize the grapevine.From the case, one can easily see the grapevine was a product of the situation EI faced. One can also reason the desire for information and insecurity were extra factors that encouraged employees to become part of the grapevine. Unfortunately in this case rumors began to circulate through the grapevine. Since each employee feature interest and ambiguity with the situation, it is easy to see why rumors formed. Consequently the accepted rumor was Ocean Point would not renew EIs contract and EI employees would not be eligible for hire with Ocean Point.Although this was not f positive, the rumor caused dramatic increases in stress, anxiety, and crises among EI emplo yees. In addition, Strayhorn failed to recognize how the rumors would affect organizational culture. The uncertainty in the situation caused the organizational culture to become unstable. Since the causes of the rumors were not removed, Strayhorn should pose addressed employees with a face-to-face to attempt to control the rumors. However, Strayhorns lack of action suggests he had little concern with restoring social equilibrium.By failing to effectively communicate, come through insufficient information, control rumors, and restore social equilibrium, Strayhorn caused employee morale and productivity to dramatically decrease. Evidence of these dysfunctional cause can be seen through the fact that potential sales were reaching their peak while actual sales were declining. If Strayhorn would have openly communicated EIs problems and disclosed managements efforts to get the contract renewed, he would have also conveyed his concern for employee needs.The employees would have most li kely responded positively because the elements of trust would still be present. However, as this was not the case Strayhorn should have realized EIs environment had changed and adapted his results-oriented approach accordingly. In this situation the system model would have been appropriate for a few reasons. First the basis of the system model is trust and community. Although failing to communicate developed mistrust, by showing sincere care and leniency for each employee Strayhorn could have reestablished trust.Secondly, this model could have allowed positive organizational behavior to grow, which would in turn have boosted morale. In conjunction with the system model, Strayhorn could have strived to achieve a fun work environment to adjutant stork in combating the stress stemming from uncertainty. By combining these methods and theories, EI could have increased actual sales and its chances of contract renewal. However, because of their lack of profitability Ocean Point may now b e unwilling to do so.

Isolationist Policy In The United States (1920’S And 1930’S) Essay

Isolationism pertains to the foreign polity that involves two major actions, non-intervention with regards to military actions and protection of sparing activities. In the area of non-interventionism, the political leaders are observed to circumvent either coalitions with another(prenominal) countries as well as any give wayicipation in warfare and other forms of self-defense activities related to territories. In the area of protectionism, legal barriers are erected in order to regulate any exchanges related to trade and sacramental manduction of cultural information with individuals representing other states.The concept of isolationism is often mistaken as a non-interventionist way of sentiment or philosophy and international insurance policy associated with liberty, which entails unrestricted trading and traveling between individuals from any part of the world. It is thus best to employ the term libertarian isolationist as the policy of non-intervention or not alive(p) wit h any activities or not getting associated with any political relations with a foreign plain yet still retaining the capability of participating in free trade.The doctrine of non-participation of the joined States through the refusal of submission into any form of alliance, agreement or commitment with a foreign inelegant has been observed during antithetical decades. Such isolationist policy is also coupled to the attempts of the unify States to instill a sense of self-reliance based on a stable economy by dedicating efforts of the advancement of the country, in both routes of delicacy and economics, while maintaining a condition of peace by keeping away from any associations with other countries and responsibilities.It is mute that developed countries generally engage in trade relations with other countries in order to cover its labor force as well as raise their standard of living based on the rise of the countrys economy. However, the unify States is known to follow a p rotectionist policy which entails isolation from any form of engagement with trade relations with other countries. The leaders of the United States believe that such policy is beneficial to the United States, while economists express the opposite, that such policy is detrimental.Other critics have expressed that since the United States is recognized as the biggest consumer of the world and carries it own rich natural resources, it can identity specific conditions that should be applied to products and services that are brought into the country. This condition is the opposite of the free trade policy, which allows any country to carry through any particular action that is recognized to be their expertise, and in turn benefit from the trading of their products.The espousal of the isolationist policy is the result of the conditions of a particular country, such as war, crises and uprisings that may originate from other countries. The isolationist policy adopted by the United States w as mainly due to the effects of World warfare I, the Great Depression and the significant influx of immigrants. The decades of the 1920s and the 1930s were characterized by the isolationist conditions in the United States, wherein there was social seclusion from any form of engagement with countries around the world. The coined attitude, known as the vehement Scare, was based on the Sacco and Vanzetti trial.In this setting, Americans gave more focus into instilling tranquility in their homes, more than providing efforts in achieving and instilling peace in other countries. It has been described that the United States adopted the isolationist policy because the country was already exhausted by global issues at that time. With this in mind, the political leaders of the United States were rattling anxious in staying away from issues and associated effects of war. This can be observed in the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, which give tongue to that war was outlawed as a tool for interna tional policy.In a public process given by Warren G. Harding in the 1920s, it was expressed that a supergovernment is the least of the United States dream and in turn, attention should be given to national issues instead. It was also stated that adopting the isolationist policy is not selfish, nevertheless is actually a form of sanctity. The result of the Treaty of Versailles is another example of the adoption of the isolationist policy by the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. In this case, the U. S. Senate did not agree to ratify the Treaty which states that the United States would engage in the League of Nations.The United States refusal to approve this Treaty showed the contempt of the U. S. over concepts of idealism at the international level, because the United States feels that engaging in this Treaty would eventually lead the country to war. The United States accordingly was actively expressing the war is a contagious disease which can spread around the world at a very fast pace. With this stand, the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936 and 1937 were created, which prevents the re-emergence of ties between the United States and any war actions or policies (Doenecke, 1982). The some(prenominal) faces of isolationism are clearly shown during the 1920s and the 1930s.During these decades, the political and social views and American policy were turned towards isolationism, such as the increasing fear of communism, exhaustion from the idea of war, and the anti-radical hysteria. In the next decades such as the 1950s, these same collectivized isolationist views were also evident, but this time the political policy was turned towards and internationalist point of view. Isolationism, withal radical in concept, resulted from the circumstances in which it was derived from.ReferenceDoenecke JD (1982) American Isolationism, 1939-1941. Journal of Libertarian Studies, Summer/Fall 6(3)201-216.

Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Essay

This paper discusses a durationline of the development of nursing attainment score starting with Florence nightingale to present times. Florence nightingale will always be associated with nursing, regardless how the playing field of nursing changes. Significant historical events to include dates which have enhanced the field of nursing will be discussed. Over the past century, the field of nursing has been positively impacted by numerous theories. (Kendall, 2011). Florence Nightingale, worked to improve conditions of soldiers in the Crimean War (1854), and she is known for laying the foundation for professional nursing (Kendall, 2011). Statistical charts and graphs were utilized by Florence Nightingale for the support of her opening as the first nursing theory (Donahue, 1996). For example, her theory related to a positive, unclouded environment. In 1859, Florence Nightingale published a small book called Notes on treat, relating to how to take apprehension of babies (Florence Nightingale).Florence Nightingale was responsible for providing a new image for female nurses as a profession. She opened the Nightingale prep are of treat, the first formal nurse training program (Brestovansky, 2014). For example, the Nightingale Training School was opened in 1860, and modern nursing was created (Florence Nightingale). She also reformed midwife practices and established a health visitor proceeds in Britain (Brestovansky, 2014). The 1950s introduced theorists such as Orem and Peplau, and the existence of psychological theories entered during this century (Kiikkala and Munnukka, 2006). For example, the patients unavoidably were a revolve around of the theories related to psychology.The self-care theory related to a conclusion of a person lovingness for themselves. And if they are not self-deficit, a nurse will be expected to care for the individual (Kiikkala and Munnukka, 2006). During this aforementioned(prenominal) period of the 1950s, a developmental theo ry was developed that related to nursing and interpersonal relationships (Kiikkala and Munnukka, 2006). Peplaustheory regarded nursing as interpersonal because of a common goal between two or to a greater extent people (2011). This common goal contributed to a mutual respect between the patient and nurse (Peplau, 2011). care for Theory Timelines (Development of Nursing, 2013).1860- Florence Nightingale Manipulating the clients environment facilitates the bodys reparative processes. 1952- Hildegard Peplau Nursing is a sanative interpersonal process. 1955- Henderson The needs often called Hendersons 14 basic needs. 1960- Faye Abdellah The nursing theory describes delivering of nursing care for the whole person. It relates to the physical, emotional, intellectual, complaisant, and spiritual needs of the client and family. 1962- Ida Orlando The client is an individual that has a need. When met distress diminishes, adequacy increases, or enhances well-being. 1968- Dorothy Johnsons the ory of nursing focuses on the clients adaption to illness. It also focuses on how actual or potential stress can affect the ability to adapt. The focus of the goal is on nursing to disregard stress.Therefore, the client can move more easily through recovery. 1970- Martha Rogers Theory Health Promotion wellness, taproom of illness, and rehabilitation of the ill and disabled client through humanistic erudition of nursing 1971-Dorothea Orem The theory is well-nigh a self-care deficit theory. Nursing care becomes necessary when the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs. 1971- Imogene King Communication can assist the individual reestablish positive adaptation to environment. 1972- Betty Neumann The goal of system model of nursing practice is stress reduction . 1979- Roy Callista The adaptation model is based on the physiological, psychological, sociological and dependence-independence adaptive modes. 1979- Watsons Theory Watsons philoso phy defines the outcome of nursing activity in regard to the humanistic aspects of life. The 1990s-2000s consists of numerous research studies which test and expand nursing theory (History of Nursing Science, 2013). The late 20th century continued to expand research studies and nursing theories.Practice orientation was the focus in the late 20th century which continues today Nursing Science and Profession RelationshipNursing science and the profession have been seen as complex fornumerous years (Lindberg, 2005). According to Lindberg, the complexity of the health care system, increased technology, and the speed of care provided are contributors to the complexity of nursing science and the professional relationship. Science provides an increase flow of contributions to the nursing care delivery which enhances the professional relationship (Lindberg, 2005). It is vital for nursing scholars and leaders to nonplus selectd in the new science for insights that will enable nurses to enh ance the well-being of patients (Lindberg, 2005). For example, nurses play a central role in health care a complex system, and they interact with numerous elements of the system. These elements involve patients, families, physicians, communities and public health agencies according to Lindberg (2005).Influences on Nursing Science of Other DisciplinesThe disciplines of philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, social sciences and psychology positively impact nursing (History of Nursing Science, 2013). According to The History of Nursing Science (2013), the individuals impacted by these disciplines are the ones who deliver nursing practice.ConclusionThe roles of nurses continue to expand, and theories are used to improve quality of care. A time line of important events in the field of nursing which. has contributed to the profession has been discussed. Nursing is committed to serve the healthcare needs of society. Throughout archives, nursing has shown the uniqueness of the prof ession. The nursing practice benefits daily from the interaction with other disciplines. many positive outcomes have occurred throughout the decades with the use of theories for the enhancement of the quality of patient care.ReferencesBrestovansky, L (2014). A history in nursing. Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/about_5364906_history-nursing.html Development of Nursing Theories (2013). Retrieved from http//www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/development_of_nursing_theories.html Donahue, P. A. (1996). Nursing The Finest Art (2nd ed.). St. Louis Mosby. Nightingale, F. Timeline part 21850-1901. Retrieved fromhttp//www.countryjoe.com/nightingale/tl2.htmKendall, C. (2010). Nursing history theory and timeline. Retrieved fromhttp//www.careerpath360.com/index.php/nursing-history-theory-and-timeline-10767/Kiikkala PhD, I., & Munnukka PhD, T. (2006). Nursing Research On What Basis?Entire issue. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2). doi 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994. tb01087.xLindberg, C. (2005). Complexity The science of the 21st century. Retrieved from https//stti.confex.com/stti/bcscience38/techprogram/paper_25908.htmPeplau, H. (2011). Theory of interpersonal relationships.. Retrieved from http//nursingtheories.weebly.com/hildegard-e-peplau.html The History of Nursing Theory (2013). Retrieved fromhttp//prezi.com/nfrrptnxrczz/the-history-of-nursing-science/